Mitosis and The Cell Cycle Webquest

How does a multicellular organism grow

by making more cells (via dividing)

Describe the rate of division of cancer cells

they divide too frequently

T or F: Cancer cells undergo uncontrolled cell growth

It is true that they grow uncontrollably

What can cancer cells develop into

A tumor

What 2 treatments have been developed to destroy cancer cells

radiation and chemotherapy

In which phase do cells spend most of their time

Interphase

What 3 checkpoints is interphase divided into

Gap1, S(ynthesis), and Gap2

In which stage of interphase does a cell grow

Gap1

In which stage of interphase does a cell replicate its DNA

S(ynthesis)

In which stage does the cell grow more in preparation for mitosis

Gap2

What does G1 checkpoint check

checks whether or not a cell is growing sufficiently and if the DNA is damaged

What does the G2 checkpoint check

checks if DNA was replicated correctly, and if it has the resources necessary to continue

What occurs if a cell is damaged beyond repair

Apoptosis occurs: the cell ‘self-destructs’

What are 2 examples of proteins involved in positive regulation

Cdk (Kinase-type of enzyme) and Cyclin

Why do injuries to the brain or spinal cord have challenges healing

because many of their cells are in G0 phase permanently, where a cell does not grow.

Through / , / cells distribute genetic material to daughter nuclei. / divided the cytoplasm and distributes organelles to the / newly formed / cells

• mitosis

• eukaryotic

• cytoplasm

• two

• daughter

Each / strand was replicated earlier during the / of the / to form two / strand called / . These chromatids are held together by / .

• DNA

• S phase

• Interphase

• identical

• sister chromatids

• centromere

During prophase, the sister chromatids / and supercoil and become / for the first time during the cell cycle. The / beings to disintegrate. The / replicate and move away from each other due to microtubular action.

• shorten

• visible

• nuclear membrane

• centrioles

During metaphase the nuclear membrane has / disintegrated. The / reach the centromeres and align the sister / along the center of the cell.

• completely

• spindle fibers

• chromatids

During anaphase, the / move apart to free the sister chromatids so they can be pulled apart by the / . Some spindle fibers shorten and lengthen, / the dividing cell. Sister chromatids separate to / / of the cell.

• centromeres

• microtubules

• stretching

• opposite

• poles

During telophase, nuclear membrane assemble around two daughter nuclei. Chromosomes / and the spindle / .

• decondense

• disappears

The daughter cells receive molecules and / within their cytoplasm. During cytokinesis, the / divides into / cells.

• organelles

• cytoplasm

• two

What do healed injuries, fingernail growth, and growing up have in common

mitosis

Why is it important that during mitosis, your cells only make identical cells

to replace what was lost

Do cells divide all the time? / What is cancer?

• No

• Uncontrolled cell growth

What is a centromere

part of a chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

Phase	Describe What Happens During This Phase	What Is One Way You Can Remember This stage?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Phase	Describe What Happens During This Phase	What Is One Way You Can Remember This stage?
Prophase	The chromosomes condense (thicken and become visible)	“Pro'“ means before
Metaphase	The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. (Nucleus no longer there)	“M” for middle
Anaphase	Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell (poles). Getting moved via spindle fibers	“A” for Away
Telophase	New nuclei are forming on each side in order to make these two new cells	“T” for Two
Cytokinesis	The final separation into two cells, the cytoplasm splits	“C” for Cytoplasm

True or False : DNA replicates during Interphase.

(T) DNA does replicate during Interphase

True or False: Chromatin is made of DNA

(T) Chromatin is made of DNA

True or False: Genes are found on DNA

(T) Genes are found on DNA

True or False: After cytokinesis 2 genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

(T) As a result of cytokinesis two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

Can prokaryotes divide by mitosis? If not, how do they replicate?

Prokaryotes cannot divide by mitosis, they divide/replicate via binary fission.