Chapter Three: Connective, Muscular, and Nervous

Connective tissue is the most

Abundant and widely distributed tissues

GF: CT consists of two basic elements

Cells and extracellular matrix

What is the extracellular matrix?

Material located between spaced cells

What does the ECM consist of?

consists of protein fibers and ground substance

Fibers of the ECM are secreted by?

• except for?

Its fibers are secreted by fibroblasts, except for blood cells

The structure for extracellular matrix determines what?

Much of the tissue qualities

(GF) Does CT occur on body surfaces?

Mostly no, except for joint cavities

All CT have a good X and are highly X. Except for?

Have a good nerve supply and are high vascular, except for cartilage

What are the two class types of cells of CT?

-blasts or -cytes

(CELLS) what are -blasts?

immature cells, capable of mitotic cell division, and secrete ECM characteristics of the tissue

(CELLS) what are -cytes?

mature cells, lost mitotic ability, but monitor and maintain ECM

What are the cells of CT?

What are their functions?

Fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells

(Cells of CT) Fibroblasts function

move through CT, secrete matrix components

(Cells of CT) What are macrophages what is their function?

are phagocytes that developed from monocytes, destroy bacteria and cell debris

(Cells of CT) Plasma Cells function

Make antibodies

(Cells of CT) Mast Cells function

Inflammatory response; also bind, digest, and kill bacteria

What do mast cells produce?

Histamine

What is the ground substance of the ECM?

What are its different forms?

What is it made out of?

component of a CT between the cells and fibers

may be fluid, gel, or hard

Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and mineral salts

What are the functions of the ECM?

supports cells, binds them, stores water, and provides a medium for the exchange of substances between blood and cells.

(GS) What is the function of hyaluronic acid?

• What is it major in

What is the function of chondroitin sulfate?

Where are mineral salts notable?

binds cells together and lubricates joints

• major in synovial fluid

provides support and adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, skin, and BV

notable in bone and teeth

What are the three types of fibers?

Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

What are collagen fibers?

They are the most?

Are very strong and resist tensile forces, but still allow flexibility

Are the most abundant protein in the body

What are elastic fibers?

Where are the found?

Form a fibrous network within a tissue, allowing for stretching and ability to recoil back into original shape

Found in the skin, BV walls, and lung tissue

What are reticular fibers?

What are they made of?

What does it form?

Provide strength and support

Collagen with glycoprotein cover

Forms the stroma, the supporting network of organs

What are the different classifications of CT?

Loose CT

Dense CT

Cartilage

What are the types of loose CT?

Areolar, adipose, and reticular

What are the types of dense CT?

Dense regular CT, dense irregular CT, and elastic CT

What are the types of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage

What are two other types of CT?

Blood and bone

What is muscular tissue?

What is its function?

What are the different types?

Consists of elongated long cells (muscle fibers/myocytes) that use ATP to generate force

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and generates heat

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Skeletal Muscle

What is it attached to?

Striated or not? What causes it?

What type of control?

Attached to the bone

Straited because of contractile proteins

Voluntary control, conscious movement

Cardiac muscle

Where is it? What does it do?

Striated?

What type of movement?

Located at the heart, pumps blood to entire body

Is striated and involuntary control

Smooth muscle

Function?

Striated?

What type of control?

Motion

Not striated

Involuntary control

What is nervous tissue sensitive to?

What does it generate?

Nervous tissue is sensitive to stimuli

It generate electrical signals that sends messages to tissues/organs

What are the two cells types of nervous tissue?

What are their functions?

Neurons: highly specialized, axons and dendrites

Neuroglia (glial cells): Support the neurons