GENDER & SOCIETY

FINAL TERM

Peace Education

- is essentially transformative.
- It seeks this transformation by building awareness
and understanding, developing concern and challenging personal and social action that will enable
people to create conditions and systems that actualize nonviolence, justice, environmental care and
other peace values.

Peace Education

- is the process of acquiring the values, the knowledge and developing the
attitudes, skills, and behaviors to live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the natural
environment.

Peace Education

- helps develop a healthy self-image, build trust with
others, promote social growth, and address the suffering in the world while learning compassion
and empathy.

1. Model kindness and empathy.
2. Repair, don't punish.
3. Create a democratic space.
4. Use experiential learning.
5. Give a voice to the excluded.
6. Encourage collaboration in diverse groups.
7. Discuss controversial issues.
8. Integrate service learning.

PEACE EDUCATION IN ACTION:

Self-respect

Having a sense of their own worth and a sense of pride in social and cultural
background; a sense of power and goodness to contribute to positive change.

Respect for Others

Having a sense of the worth and inherent dignity of other people, including those with various different social, religious, cultural, and family backgrounds.

Respect for Life/Nonviolence

Valuing of human life and refusal to respond to an adversary or conflict situation with violence; preference for nonviolent processes such as collaborative problem-solving and other positive techniques as against the use of physical force and weapons.

Gender Equality

Valuing the rights of women to enjoy equal opportunities with men
and to be free from abuse, exploitation and violence.

Compassion

Sensitivity to the difficult conditions and suffering of other people and acting with deep empathy and kindness toward those who are marginalized/excluded.

Global Concern

Caring for the whole human community transcending or going beyond the concern which they have for their nation or local/ethnic community

Ecological Concern

Caring for the natural environment, preference for sustainable
living and a simple lifestyle.

Cooperation

Valuing of cooperative processes toward the pursuit of common goals.

Openness/Tolerance

Openness to the processes of growth and change as well as willingness
to approach and receive other people’s ideas, beliefs and experiences with a critical but open mind;
respecting the rich diversity of the world’s spiritual traditions, cultures and forms of expression.

Justice

Acting with a sense of fairness towards others, upholding the principle of equality (in
dignity and rights) and rejection of all forms of exploitation and oppression.

Social Responsibility

Willingness to take action to contribute to the shaping of a society
characterized by justice, nonviolence and well-being; sense of responsibility toward present and
future generations.

Positive Vision

Imaging the kind of future they prefer with a sense of hope and pursuing its
realization.

1. Self-respect
2. Respect for others
3. Respect for Life/Nonviolence
4. Gender Equality
5. Compassion
6. Global Concern
7. Ecological Concern
8. Cooperation
9. Openness/Tolerance
10. Justice
11. Social Responsibility
12. Positive Vision

Attitudes/Values in the Peace Education

1. Disarmament

2. Nonviolence

3. Conflict Resolution, Transformation and Prevention

4. Human Rights

5. Human Solidarity

6. Development Based on Justice

7. Democratization

8. Sustainable Development

SOME PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES:

DISARMENT

– and the logic of reallocating resources toward the fulfillment of people’s basic
needs (e.g. food, housing, health care, and education). This is a springboard for the exploration of the meaning of true human security which springs from the fulfillment of both basic needs and higher needs of humans (e.g., the exercise of fundamental freedoms).

NONVIOLENCE

–study the philosophical and spiritual underpinnings of nonviolence as well as its efficacy as a method to effect change. Study of the bios of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Aung San Suu Kyi, Thich Nhat Hanh, Desmond Tutu, and Wangari Maathai

CONFLICT RESOLUTION, TRANSFORMATION AND PREVENTION

–study effective ways of resolving
conflicts nonviolently (e.g., collaborative problem-solving) and how these can be transformed into
a situation that is more desirable. Ways to prevent conflict can also be explored because as Johan
Galtung has said, better to prevent than “remedy a situation that has gone wrong.”

HUMAN RIGHTS

–an integral understanding of human rights and to reject all forms of repression and discrimination based on beliefs, race, ethnicity, gender and social class; respect the dignity of
all especially the weak and powerless.

HUMAN SOLIDARITY

- All humans have common basic needs and aspirations and shared membership in an interdependent human/ global community. We have only one home (planet earth) and a common future. The major world religions also have shared values and principles.

DEVELOPMENT BASED ON JUSTICE

- the realities and tragic consequences of structural violence
and how a philosophy of development based on justice is a preferred alternative; development is not economic growth alone but also the equitable sharing of its fruits.

DEMOCRATIZATION

– democracy provides the environment in which people’s fundamental rights and interests are respected.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

– interdependent relationship between humans and the natural
environment; changes are necessary to ensure the well-being of the earth’s ecosystem much that it can continue to meet future and present needs; the wisdom of our indigenous peoples who have
always respected nature.

PHYSICAL OR BODILY VIOLENCE

- includes all physical acts of violence.
(spitting; scratching; biting; grabbing; shaking; jostling; pushing; holding a partner down; preventing a partner from leaving, locking in; trapping or imprisoning; throwing; arm twisting; slapping)

BULLYING (INCLUDING CYBERBULLYING)

- is unwanted aggressive behaviour by another child or group of children who are neither siblings nor in a romantic relationship with the victim. It involves repeated physical, psychological or social harm; takes place online, or in schools and other settings where children gather.

YOUTH VIOLENCE

- is concentrated among children and young adults
aged 10–29 years, occurs in community settings between acquaintances and strangers, includes bullying and physical assault with or without weapons (such as guns and knives), and may involve gang violence.

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE (OR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE)

- involves physical, sexual, and emotional violence by an intimate partner or ex-partner. Although males can also be victims, intimate partner violence disproportionately affects females. It occurs against girls in child marriages and early/forced marriages. Among romantically involved but unmarried adolescents it is sometimes called “dating violence”.

SEXUAL VIOLENCE

- includes non-consensual completed or attempted
sexual contact and acts of a sexual nature not involving contact (such as voyeurism or sexual harassment); acts of sexual trafficking committed against someone who is unable to consent or refuse; and online exploitation; sex as a result of intimidation, manipulation, or extortion; being coerced into having a type of sex, or sex act that isn’t wanted; Unwanted touching or sexual attention; being filmed or photographed having sex, or such pictures being published without permission; forcing sex on someone who has passed out or is sleeping; sexual violence by taking advantage of the other person’s state of fear; rape.

EMOTIONAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE

- includes restricting a child’s movements, denigration, ridicule, threats and intimidation, discrimination, rejection, and other non-physical forms of hostile

EMOTIONAL VIOLENCE

- can include: downplaying, demeaning or disregarding; false accusations; constant criticism; controlling someone’s actions or behaviour; obsessive jealousy; blackmailing, extortion; namecalling; lying

- death; severe injuries; Impair brain and nervous
system development; negative coping and health risk behaviours;
unintended pregnancies; a wide range of non-communicable diseases; impact opportunities and future generations.

IMPACTS OF VIOLENCE

RA 6725.(April 27, 1989)

An Act Strengthening the Prohibition on Discrimination
Against Women with Respect to Terms and Conditions of Employment, Amending for the Purpose Article One Hundred Thirty-Five of the Labor Code, As Amended

RA 6972.(November 23, 1990)

- An Act Establishing a Day Care Center in Every Barangay Instituting Therein a Total Development and Protection of Children Program, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and for Other Purposes

RA 7192.(December 11, 1991)

An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as
Full and Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation Building and for Other Purposes

RA 7322.(March 30, 1992)

An Act Increasing Maternity Benefits in Favor of
Women Workers in the Private Sector, Amending for the Purpose Section 14-A of Republic Act No. 1161, as Amended and for Other Purposes

RA 7600.(June 17, 1992)

An Act Requiring All Government and Private Health
Institutions with Obstetrical Services to Adopt Rooming-in and Breastfeeding Practices and for Other Purposes

RA 7688.(March 3, 1994)

An Act Giving Representation to Women in Social
Security Commission Amending for the Purpose Section 3(A) of Republic Act 1161, as Amended

RA 7822.(February 20, 1995)

An Act Providing Assistance to Women Engaging
in Micro and Cottage Business Enterprises, and for Other Purposes

RA 8353.(September 30, 1997)

this includes marital rape. An Act Expanding
the Definition of the Crime of Rape, Reclassifying the Same as a Crime Against Persons, Amending for the Purpose Act No. 3815, as Amended, Otherwise Known as the Revised Penal Code, and for Other Purposes

RA 8369 .(October 28, 1997)

An Act Establishing Family Courts, granting Them
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction Over Child and Family Cases, Amending Batas Pambansa No. 192, as Amended, Otherwise Known as the Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes

RA 9262.(March 8, 2004)

An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their
Children, Providing Protective Measures for Victims, Prescribing Penalties Therefore and for Other Purposes

Violence against women (VAW)

According to the 2008 National Demographic
and Health Survey conducted by the National Statistics Office, one in five Filipino women age 15-49 has experienced physical violence since age 15.

VAW

is linked with the unequal power relationship between women and men known as “gender‑based violence.”

naggers” or neglectful of their duties as wife

Women are also put to blame as the cause of their own misery. Some women are accused of being “_________________________" that is why they are beaten by their spouses.

Republic Act 10398

An Act declaring November 25 of every year as the National Consciousness Day for the Elimination of VAWC, government agencies are mandated to raise awareness on the problem of
violence and the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls.

Proclamation 1172

In 2006, then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed ____________________, extending the national campaign to 18 days

December 12

A historic date that marked the signing in the year 2000 of the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, to supplement the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crimes.

HUMAN TRAFFICKING

- is the “recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or
receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the
purpose of exploitation.”

1. Forced Labor:
2. Sex Trafficking:
3. Debt Bondage:
4. Child Sex Trafficking:

Examples of Human Trafficking

Gender Watch Against Violence and Exploitation

GWAVE

RWANDA

______________ has the highest number of women parliamentarians worldwide, where, women have won 61.3 per cent of seats in the lower house .

Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta

___________________________ once said “PEACE begins with a smile”. So smile always, that you may bring peace to yourself and to someone. She further said that “ we do not need guns
and bombs to bring peace; we need LOVE and COMPASSION”.

First is a relationship determined by dominion of humans over creation

The second level is one of stewardship

The third level promotes a kinship relationship

Fourth is one of sacrament

Fifth is a covenant relationship

Theologians explain that there are different levels of this relationship:

RELATIONSHIP DETERMINED BY DOMINION OF HUMANS OVER CREATION

- humans can do as they wish because this was given by God

STEWARDSHIP

- caretaker where humans are not owners but
guardians of the integrity of nature