key terms- chapter 8

adolescence

A developmental stage where individuals transition from childhood to adulthood, experiencing significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes.

embryonic period

The stage from 3 to 8 weeks postconception, characterized by rapid development of internal structures and high sensitivity to teratogens.

fetal period

Extends from 9 weeks postconception to birth, marked by growth and maturation of organ systems, with potential for slowed growth or impaired organ function due to teratogens.

infancy

The early stage of life post-birth, where pharmacotherapy focuses on safety and parental education for medication administration.

older adulthood

A life stage where individuals often take more medications, requiring adjustments for age-related physiological changes.

polypharmacy

The use of multiple medications by a patient, often seen in older adults, increasing the risk of adverse drug events.

pregancy and laction labeling rule (PLLR)

A regulation requiring drug labels to provide detailed information on risks during pregnancy and lactation, replacing the previous letter category system.

preimplantation period

The first 1 to 2 weeks of the first trimester, where exposure to teratogens may result in embryo death or no effect.

preschool child

A developmental stage where children begin to assist with medication administration.

school age child

A stage where children can further assist with medication administration and understand its importance.

teratogen

A substance that can cause permanent abnormalities or death in an embryo or fetus when exposed during pregnancy.

toddlerhood

A challenging stage for drug administration, requiring short, concrete explanations for effective medication delivery.