fungal reproduction

zoospores

motile spores; presence of flagella which help in swimming

sporangiospores

single cell spores formed within sacs (known as sporangium) formed at the end of a special hypha; non-motile; dispersed by air

chlamydospores

thick walled which contain storage products, single cell spores formed from cells of the vegetative hyphae by accumulation of protoplast and secretion of thick wall

blastoconidia

condida which are produced by budding as candida albicans

oidia

formed under adverse conditions; individual cells separated from hyphae; small yeast-like cells; thin walled spores

conidia

small or large single cell spores formed at the tips or sides of a fungal hyphae conidiosphores

athroconidia

spores which are formed and subsequently released during the process of hyphal fragmentation. Spores may be formed successfully as in dermatophytes

macroconidia and microconidia

large and small multi celled conidia are produced by dermatophytes in culture; lack mitochondria

plasmogamy

fusion of protoplasm

karyogamy

fusion of nucleus

sexual

involves fusion of compatible nuclei from 2 parent cells

antheridium and oogonium

the two sex organelles of fungi:

antheridium

male gametangia is known as ____.

oogonium

female gametangia known as ______.

plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis

the process of sexual reproduction involves three phases:

plasmogamy

fusion of protoplasm

karyogamy

fusion of nucleus

meiosis

reductional nuclear division; diploid nucleus reduced to 4 haploid nucleus

plasmogamy

• anastomosis of two cells or gametes and fusion of their protoplasts takes place

• in the process, the two haploid nuclei of opposite sexes (compatible nuclei) are brought together but the nuclei will not fuse

planogametes

motile gametes are called ____.

planogametic copulation

the fusion of two gametes, one or both of which are motile is called ______.

isogamy, anisogamy, oogamy

three different types of planogametic copulation:

isogamy

morphologically similar but compatible type of gametes unite to form a motile zygote

anisogamy

• union of one larger gamete with another smaller gamete. The resultant zygote is motile

• the zygote resulting from isogamous or anisogamous planogametic copulation forms a “resting sporangium”

heterogamy or oogamy

a non- motile female gamete (oosphere) is fertilized by a motile male gamete. This results in the formation of oospores, a resistant structure and resting spore.

ISOGAMY

synchytrium

ANISOGAMY

blastocladiales

HETEROGAMY OR OOGAMY

Chytridiomycetes

gametangial contact

• in this method the male gamete (antheridium) and the female gamete (oogonium) come in contact and one or more nuclei from the male gamete enter the female gamete, oogonium dissolved in the intervening wall through a pore or through a fertilization tube

• in no case the gametangia actually fuse or lose their identify during the sexual act

gametangial copulation

• is a process of fusion of entire contents of the two mating gametangia

anisogametangial copulation and isogamous copulation

two types of gametangial copulation:

spermatia

some fungi like rusts bear numerous minute, non-motile uninucleate

spermagonia

spermatia are produced in spiral receptacles

special receptive hypha

spermatia carried by insects,wind, or water to the female gametangium, which is usually a _______.

somatogamy

• no sex organs are produced and somatic cells function as gametes

• is common in ascomycota and basidiomycota fungi

ascospores

• non-meiotic spores produced inside specials sacs called asci

• produced by members of ascomycota

basidiospores

non-motile meiospore formed on short outgrowths of club-shaped structures called basidium

zygospore

• large, thick-walled spores formed at the tips of 2 sexually compatible hyphae; produced by members of zygomycota

oospores

spores formed within a specialized female structure (oogonium) after fertilization of eggs by male gametes formed in an antheridium