a and p test 4

central nervous system

Which of the following is responsible for conscious thoughts?

12 ; 31

There are _________ pairs of cranial nerves and _________ pairs of spinal nerves.

ganglia

Cell bodies of the peripheral nervous system are located in

has two sets of neurons in a series

The autonomic nervous system

somatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS

Which of the following is mismatched?

cell bodies

Protein synthesis in neurons occurs in

are the input part of the neuron

dendrites

have a distal portion that branches to form the pre synaptic terminalsor terminal bulbs

axons

presynaptic terminals or terminal bulbs

synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters and are present in the

sensory or afferent neuron

A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n)

Neuroglia produces action potentials for skeletal muscles

Which of the following statements requarding gila is false?

astrocyte

A glial cell that is a major component of the blood-brain barrier is the

ependymal cells

overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid could be the result of overactivity of the

are phagocytic cells in the CNS

microglia

schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons

Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways

microglia - provide support for the neuron cell body

Which of the following is mismatched?

nodes of ranview

Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called

bundles of myelinated axons

White matter is composed of

depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open

which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells

increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength

A local (graded) terminal

local (graded) potential

A change in resting membrane potential confines to a small area is called a(n)

occurs when the local (graded potential reaches threshold level

An action potential

As sodium ions enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative

Which of the following events is NOT a characteristic of an action potential?

an all-or-none response

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. this is called

Both activation and inactivation gates are open

Each voltage - gated Na+ ion channel has two voltage sensitive gates: an activation gate and an inactivation gate. Which of the following would occur during depolarization?

cannot produce another action potential

During the absolute refractory period, the cell

inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ ion channels reopen

The absolute refractory period ends when

synapse

The junction between two neurons is a

5, 3, 2, 4, 1

Arrange the events of synaptic transmission in the correct sequence:

frequency of occurrence of action potentials increases

As the strength of a stimulus is increased, the

presynaptic terminal

neurotransmitters are released from the

is a substance released from neurons that influences the sensitivity of a neurons to neurotransmitter

a neuromodulator

cause the production of local (graded) potentials in the postsynaptic membrane

neurotransmitter

spatial summation occurs

When two action potentials arrive stimultaneously at two different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same post synaptic neuron

temporal summation occurs

If 5 action potentials arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, which of the following would occur?

convergent

When 2 or more presynaptic neurons synapse with a single post synaptic neuron in the CNS a(n) _______ pathway is formed.

oscillatory circuits

Neurons arranged in a circular pathway form

Whether threshold is reached or not

Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single post synaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron

chloride ions

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) can result from the influx of

hyper polarizes the postsynaptic membrane

An IPSP (inhibitory post synaptic potential) is inhibitory because it

reduce or inhibit exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the synapse

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca 2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

5, 4, 2, 1, 3

Put the following parts of a reflex arc in the correct order, starting with the sensory receptor

All of the above can happen

Neurotransmitters can be removed from the synaptic cleft by

dorsal root

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as

ventral root

the motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the

fetal position

the withdrawl reflex tend to bring the body towards

bundles axons into fascicles

the perineurium

lumbar

Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervated the diaphragm arise primarily from what plexuses

abdominal muscles

the brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following

plexus

ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a

ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves

intercoastal (between the ribs) nerves are formed from the

axillary

Which of the following nerves is part of the brachial plexus?

ulnar

When a person hits their "funny bone" they cause temporary damage to the _________ nerve?

radial

Extending the forearm, wrist, and fingers requires innervation of the _______ nerve.

musculocutaneous

Using the biceps brachii to flex the forearm requires innervation of the ________ nerve

tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve

the sciatic nerve is composed of the

tibial

Which nerve is involved when a dancer points his or her toes?

obturator nerve

Adduction of the thigh involves the

golgi tendon reflex

the reflex that prevents excessive tension in a muscle is the

reinforces the withdrawl reflex by relaxing the antagonist muscles

reciprocal innervation

extension of the opposite leg

If a withdrawl reflex is initiated in one leg, the crossed extensor reflex causes

prevent the person from falling down

The adaptive significance of the crossed extensor reflex when a person steps on a sharp object is to

dorsal ramus

the branch of a spinal nerve that innervates deep muscles along the vertebral column is the

decussation of the pyramids in the medulla

The fact that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body is partially due to the

it contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter

Which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata?

descending motor tracts

The pyramids of the medulla contain

superior colliculi

The part of the brain that controls the reflex of turning your head towards a sudden bright light, loud sound, or someone grabbing you is the

basal nuclei or striatum

The substantia nigra interconnects with the

arbor vitae

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network known as the

control the heart rate

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum

infundibulum

The stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland is the

thalamus

Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the relay center called the

hypothalamus

Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system

acting as a control center of hte autonomic nervous system

Which of the following activities is not associated with the cerebrum?

frontal and parietal lobes

the central sulcus seperates the

temporal lobe

the lateral fissure seperates the _________ from the rest of the cerebrum

cortex

The gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the

corpus callosum

What is the C - shaped mass of white matter that consists of the nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres?

consists of many nerve tracts of white matter beneath the cerebral cortex

the cerebral medulla

inhibit unwanted muscular activity

the basal nuclei function to

mesencephalon

the midbrain develops from the embryonic region called the

the sequence from anterior to posterior in which they emerge from the brain

The roman numerals assigned to each cranial nerve reflect

subarachnoid space

cerebrospinal fluid fills the

ventricles of the brain

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by tissue in the walls and roofs of the

the excess fluid exerts pressure on the brain

If cerebrospinal fluid does not drain properly

mediated transport

water-soluble molecules such as gluclose and amino acids move across the blood-brain barrier by

trigeminal

dentists anesthetize a portion of the ________ nerve to stop pain impulses from the teeth

vagus nerve

Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera

olfactory

a fracture of the cribiform plate might injure the _______ cranial nerve?

transmits action potentials from the retina

the optic nerve

vestibulocochlear

hearing loss is the result of damage to what nerve

facial ; trigeminal

motor control of the face is the function of the ________ nerve, while sensation from the face is determined by the __________ nerve.

the postcentral gyrus

The primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in

hesitant and distorted speech

if broca's area is damaged the result is

short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate

the parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by

photoreceptors

vision is dependent upon

compression of receptors

mechanoreceptors respond to

Ruffini's end organs - temperature

Which of the following is mismatched?

proprioception

the ability to localize the position of body parts is called

adaptation

decreased sensitivity to a continued stimulus is called