medical terminology for health professions chapter 6

anti-

against

carcin/0

cancer

immun/o

immune, protection, safe

lymph/o

lymph, lymphatic tissue

lymphaden/o

lymph node or gland

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

neo-, ne/o

new, strange

-oma

tumor, neoplasm

onc/0

tumor

phag/o

eat, swalow

-plasm

formative material of cells

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

splen/o

spleen

-tic

pertaining to

tox/o

poison, poisonous

cervic

neck

-al

pertaining to

axill

armpit

-ary

pertaining to

inguin

groin

-cytes

cells

lymphocytes

leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells

natural killer cells

play an important role in the killing of cancer cells infected by viruses

B cells

specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies

T cells

cell mediated immunity

cytokines

a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells, act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response

interferons

produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. Activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses

hemolytic

destroys worn out erythrocytes and releases their hemoglobin for reuse

-lytic

to destroy

hem/o

blood

antigen-antibody response

involves binding antigens to antibodies

antibody

disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

macrophage

a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells

-phage

a cell that eats

monocytes

leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms

allergist

specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic relativity, such as allergic reactions

immunologist

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system

lymphologist

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system

oncologist

a physician who specializes in the diagnosing and treatment of malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer

lymphadenitis

an inflammation of the lymph nodes

lymphadenopathy

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

lymphangioma

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

splenomegaly

an abnormal enlargement of the spleen

splenorrhagia

bleeding from the spleen

lymphoscintigraphy

a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations o the lymphatic vessels

lymphedema

swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

allergic reaction

occurs when the body/s immune system reacts to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food, or animal dander as if it were a foreign invader

allergy

an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen

allergen

a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

systemic reaction or anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

a severe response to an allergen

autoimmune disorder

any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens

immunodeficiency disorder

occurs when the immune response is compromised

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections

opportunistic infection

produced by a pathogen that doe not normally produce an illness in healthy humans

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection

immunotherapy

a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response

-therapy

treatment

immunosuppression

treatment to repress of interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens

immunosuppressant

a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response

cytotoxic drug

a medication that kills or damages cells

pathogen

a microorganism that causes a disease in humans

bacteria

one-celled microscopic microorganisms

bacilli

rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria

anthrax

a contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock infected with bacillus anthracis

rickettsia

a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

spirochetes

long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movements

lyme disease

caused by a spirochete belonging to the genus Borrelia, can affect the joints, heart, and central nervous system, is transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick

staphylococci

a group of about 30 different species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

staphyl/o

clusters or bunches of grapes

-cocci

spherical bacteria

staphylococcus aureus

a form of staphylococci that often infects wounds and causes serious problems such as TSS or food poisoning

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

one of several types of bacteria now resistant to most antibiotics

parasite

a plant of animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

malaria

caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

toxoplasmosis

a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces

viruses

very small infection agents that live only by invading other cells

rubella

a viral infection characterized by low-grade fecer, swollen glands, inflamed eyes and a fine, pink rash

rabies

an acute viral infection that is transmitted to human through the bite or saliva or an infected animal

measles

an acute, highly contagious infection that is transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rubeola virus

cytomegalovirus

found in most body fluids

varicella (chicken pox)

cause by the herpes virus varicella zoster and is highly contagious

herpes zoster (shingles)

ana cute viral infection characterized by painful eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve

infectious mononucleosis (mono)

cause by the Epstein-Barr virus

antibiotics

medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms

bactericide

a substance that causes the death of bacteria

antifungal

an agent that destroys of inhibits the growth of fungi

antiviral drug

used to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity

oncology

the study of the prevention, causes, and treatment of tumors and cancer

tumor (neoplasm)

an abnormal growth of body tissue

myoma

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

myosarcoma

a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

angiogenesis

the process through which a tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply

antiangiogenesis

a form of treatment tat disrupts the blood supply to the tumor

metastasize

the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another

metastasis

the new cancer site that results from the spreading process

carcinoma

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

carcinoma in situ

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues

adenocarcinoma

any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue

sarcoma

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard, soft, and liquid connective tissue

staging

the process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed