Module 2 (MOLBIO LAB)

All organisms contains both DNA and RNA except for?

viruses

___________ are our genetic information.

Nucleic acids

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: DNA - DNA

replication

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: DNA - RNA

transcription

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: RNA - Proteins

Translation

Information from ____ are not directly utilized.

DNA

Transcripts must be made from DNA to produce the genetic information, these are?

RNA

is double-stranded, forming a double helix.

DNA

usually single-stranded

RNA

The double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was discovered by?

James Watson and Francis Crick

____ are polymers of nucleotides.

Nucleic acids

COMPONENTS OF NUCLEIC ACID

Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous Bases/ Nucleobases

What do you call the double stranded RNA virus?

Reoviridae

What do you call the sugar in DNA?

Deoxyribose

What do you call the sugar in RNA?

Ribose

What do we call a stucture containing 5 carbons?

Pentose

The phosphate group is attached to the pentose sugar (DNA/RNA) via the ___ by a _____.

5’ carbon, phosphodiester bond.

A nitrogenous base is attached to the pentose sugar (DNA/RNA) via the 1’ carbon by a _____

Glycosidic bond

What are the two main bases?

Purine and Pyrimidine

9 Carbon atoms; Double ring

Purine

What are the two substituted purines?

Adenine and Guanine

6 carbon atoms; single ring

Pyrimidine

What are the three substituted pyrimidines?

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Base Pairing: Adenine and? (DNA)

Thymine

Base pairing: Adenine and? (RNA)

Uracil

Base pairing: Guanine and?

Cytosine

A nitrogenous base with a pentose sugar component.

Nucleoside

Nucleoside is a combination of?

Nitrogenous base with a pentose sugar

Nucleoside differs from nucleotide because it lacks?

Phosphate group

A substance made up of DNA or RNA and proteins,

Chromatin

Proteins that binds DNA in the nuclei of eukaryotic cell

Histones

One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division

Chromatid

Bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body

Chromosome

It links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division

Centromere

DNA strands are long hence they are condensed and wrapped around proteins called _______ to form ___________.

Histones, chromatin

Chromatin are still long and further condensed to form ____________________

Chromosomes

SOURCES OF DNA

Plasmid DNA,

Viral Nucleic Acids,

Genomic DNA from Blood and Biological Fluids,

Genomic DNA from Tissue and Cells,

Genomic DNA from Forensic Samples,

Genomic DNA from Plant and Fungi,

Genomic DNA from Food and Feed

Purpose of Extraction: to release ____ from the cell

Nucleic Acid

Released nucleic acid from the cell can be used for analysis such as?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Southern Blot Sequencing

Analysis blot: Southern

DNA

Analysis blot: Northern

RNA

Analysis Blot: Western

Protein

What are the 3 methods for the isolation of DNA?

Organic Isolation Method

Inorganic Isolation Method

Solid-Phase Isolation Method

What are the 2 methods for the isolation of RNA?

Organic Isolation Method

Solid-Phase Isolation Method

In Organic Isolation Method of DNA, cells are lysed to form _____, which releases the nucleic acid in the cells.

Lysate

In Organic Isolation Method of DNA, ___ and ____ are used for the lysis of cells.

NaOH and SDS

SDS stands for?

Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate

What are the contaminants in Organic Isolation Method of DNA?

CHON, CHO, Lipids and Cell debris

Contaminants in Organic Isolation Method of DNA are removed by adding _____.

Phenol-Chloroform Mixture

Phenol-Chloroform Mixture: Organic Compound or Inorganic Compound

Organic Compound

In Organic Isolation Method of DNA, DNA in aqueous solution will float on top. Which will be placed on a new tube and precipitated using ___ or ____ then centrifuged.

ethanol, isopropanol

In __**Inorganic Isolation Method**__, *_______,* _____ and ____ are used for the lysis of cells.

Tris, EDTA and SDS

EDTA stands for?

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

What is the function of Tris or tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in Inorganic Isolation Method of DNA?

Keep a stable pH

Contaminants in Inorganic Isolation Method of DNA must be removed by ________

Sodium Acetate

The supernatant containing the DNA is then mixed with ___ or ____to precipitate the DNA to be collected and resuspended in a smaller volume. (*Inorganic Isolation Method)*

ethanol and isopropanol

In Solid Phase Isolation Method, DNA solution are placed in a _____ which is a solid matrix.

Spin Column

In Organic Isolation Method of RNA, the RNA must be protected from intracellular and extracellular RNases using _____

Guanidinium Isothiocyanate

What should be done to remove any contaminating DNA in an RNA solution?

Treatment of RNA solution with DNase

In Solid-Phase Isolation Method of RNA, what is added to the spin column to destroy remaining DNA?

DNase