Kinesiology and Histology Review

These flashcards cover key concepts in kinesiology and histology, focusing on the anatomy, function, and histological features of various tissues and joints.

Glenohumeral Joint (GH Joint)

The main joint of the shoulder complex allowing for abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and rotational movements.

Osteokinematics

The gross movement of bones during joint motion such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Arthrokinematics

The small movements of joint surfaces during larger joint motions.

Scapulohumeral rhythm

The coordinated movement between the glenohumeral joint and the scapula during arm elevation, typically a 2:1 ratio.

Rotator cuff muscles

A group of muscles that stabilize the GH joint including supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor.

Tenodesis

The passive movement of finger flexion or extension based on wrist position due to the tautness of flexor and extensor tendons.

Humeroulnar joint

The joint formed between the humerus and the ulna allowing for flexion and extension of the elbow.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A condition causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities, serving as a protective barrier.

Histology

The microscopic study of tissue structure and function.

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage that provides tensile strength and can withstand pressure, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

Glenohumeral Joint (GH Joint)

The main joint of the shoulder complex allowing for abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and rotational movements.

Osteokinematics

The gross movement of bones during joint motion such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Arthrokinematics

The small movements of joint surfaces during larger joint motions.

Scapulohumeral rhythm

The coordinated movement between the glenohumeral joint and the scapula during arm elevation, typically a 2:1 ratio.

Rotator cuff muscles

A group of muscles that stabilize the GH joint including supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor.

Tenodesis

The passive movement of finger flexion or extension based on wrist position due to the tautness of flexor and extensor tendons.

Humeroulnar joint

The joint formed between the humerus and the ulna allowing for flexion and extension of the elbow.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A condition causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities, serving as a protective barrier.

Histology

The microscopic study of tissue structure and function.

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage that provides tensile strength and can withstand pressure, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, found in articular surfaces of joints, nose, trachea, and ribs, providing smooth surfaces for joint movement.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, protects, and binds together other tissues; includes bone, blood, fat, and cartilage.

Radiocarpal Joint

The main joint of the wrist, formed by the radius and carpal bones, allowing for wrist flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Bursae

Small, fluid-filled sacs located between bones, tendons, muscles, and skin, which act as cushions to reduce friction during movement.

Glenohumeral Joint (GH Joint)

The main joint of the shoulder complex allowing for abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and rotational movements.

Osteokinematics

The gross movement of bones during joint motion such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Arthrokinematics

The small movements of joint surfaces during larger joint motions.

Scapulohumeral rhythm

The coordinated movement between the glenohumeral joint and the scapula during arm elevation, typically a 2:1 ratio.

Rotator cuff muscles

A group of muscles that stabilize the GH joint including supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor.

Tenodesis

The passive movement of finger flexion or extension based on wrist position due to the tautness of flexor and extensor tendons.

Humeroulnar joint

The joint formed between the humerus and the ulna allowing for flexion and extension of the elbow.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A condition causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities, serving as a protective barrier.

Histology

The microscopic study of tissue structure and function.

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage that provides tensile strength and can withstand pressure, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, found in articular surfaces of joints, nose, trachea, and ribs, providing smooth surfaces for joint movement.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, protects, and binds together other tissues; includes bone, blood, fat, and cartilage.

Radiocarpal Joint

The main joint of the wrist, formed by the radius and carpal bones, allowing for wrist flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Bursae

Small, fluid-filled sacs located between bones, tendons, muscles, and skin, which act as cushions to reduce friction during movement.

Synovial Joint

A highly movable joint characterized by a joint capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage, allowing for a wide range of motion.

Ligaments

Bands of fibrous connective tissue primarily composed of collagen, connecting bones to other bones to provide stability to joints.

Tendons

Tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones, transmitting the force of muscle contraction to move joints.

Pronation

The rotational movement of the forearm where the palm of the hand faces posteriorly (or downwards if the elbow is flexed).

Glenohumeral Joint (GH Joint)

The main joint of the shoulder complex allowing for abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and rotational movements.

Osteokinematics

The gross movement of bones during joint motion such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Arthrokinematics

The small movements of joint surfaces during larger joint motions.

Scapulohumeral rhythm

The coordinated movement between the glenohumeral joint and the scapula during arm elevation, typically a 2:1 ratio.

Rotator cuff muscles

A group of muscles that stabilize the GH joint including supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor.

Tenodesis

The passive movement of finger flexion or extension based on wrist position due to the tautness of flexor and extensor tendons.

Humeroulnar joint

The joint formed between the humerus and the ulna allowing for flexion and extension of the elbow.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A condition causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities, serving as a protective barrier.

Histology

The microscopic study of tissue structure and function.

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage that provides tensile strength and can withstand pressure, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, found in articular surfaces of joints, nose, trachea, and ribs, providing smooth surfaces for joint movement.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, protects, and binds together other tissues; includes bone, blood, fat, and cartilage.

Radiocarpal Joint

The main joint of the wrist, formed by the radius and carpal bones, allowing for wrist flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Bursae

Small, fluid-filled sacs located between bones, tendons, muscles, and skin, which act as cushions to reduce friction during movement.

Synovial Joint

A highly movable joint characterized by a joint capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage, allowing for a wide range of motion.

Ligaments

Bands of fibrous connective tissue primarily composed of collagen, connecting bones to other bones to provide stability to joints.

Tendons

Tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones, transmitting the force of muscle contraction to move joints.

Pronation

The rotational movement of the forearm where the palm of the hand faces posteriorly (or downwards if the elbow is flexed).

Supination

The rotational movement of the forearm where the palm of the hand faces anteriorly (or upwards if the elbow is flexed), opposite to pronation.

Flexion

A joint movement that decreases the angle between two bones or body parts.

Extension

A joint movement that increases the angle between two bones or body parts, often straightening a limb.

Abduction

Movement of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body.

Joint Capsule

A fibrous tissue sac that encloses a synovial joint, providing stability and containing synovial fluid.