Central Nervous System (CNS)

What is encephalisation ?

“Higher “ areas of the brain control lower areas, i.e. control is from the top down. All parts of the brain communicate with each other.

What are the three neuron types in the brain ?

Sensory, Motor, Interneuron

What is encephalisation ?

“Higher “ areas of the brain control lower areas, i.e. control is from the top down. All parts of the brain communicate with each other.

What are the three neuron types in the brain ?

Sensory, Motor, Interneuron

Cerebral Cortex:

is stuff you are aware of: seeing, hearing. It is composed of grey matter. It is the highest part of the CNS, in evolutionary terms, present in mammals, most developed in humans, absent from the lowest vertebrae. It is the centre of human intelligence, decision making, memory, learning, personality, speech.

What are the two hemispheres of the brain:

Left side (analysis & logic): maths, language, writing. It controls the right side of the brain. Right visual field. Right side (arty side): dance, music appreciation, sports ability. Controls the left side of the body. Left visual field

What connects the two hemispheres ?

The corpus callosum

Subdivisions of cerebral cortex: Frontal Lobe

“higher cognitive function” - memory,emotions,behavior, personality

Subdivisions of cerebral cortex: Motor cortex

Voluntary motor impulses initiated here. Motor homunculus.

Parietal lobe

Processing of sensory information. Sensory discrimination. Body orientation.

Occipital love versus Temporal lobe:

Occipital lobe; visual reception area, Temporal reception area, language

What are the four parts of limbic system:

Cingulate gyrus: emotions. Amygdala: anger, fear.. Hypothalamus: ANS reception centre, appetite, temperature control, control of pituitary. Hippocampus: short term memory.

What does the thalamus do ?

Regulates information and sends it to the correct part of the brain.

What does the basal ganglia do ?

Single nuclei transfers information between the thalamus and the motor cortex. Its’ function is unknown, “planning out movement”. Pallidus, Putamen, caudate nucleus. Huntingtons, Parkinsons diseases is associated with dysfunction of basal ganglia.

Cerebellum function:

Coordination of motor activity. Dysfunction leads to slurred speech, ataxia.

Brainstem subdivisions

Midbrain: Auditory, Visual reflex centre, Cardiovascular and Respiratory control, wake-sleep cycles. Pons: “Respiratory centre”, relay centre for both sensory and motor neurons. Medulla Oblongata: “respiratory centre” controls the depth and frequency of breathing, “cardiac centre” controls heart rate and blood pressure, It is the cough, gag, swallow, vomit centre.

What is ganglia?

Clump of neuro tissue

Somatic

stuff we re aware of, willing to do