Socio-cultural influences

participation patterns influenced by

age gender family role models race

how to increase participation

promotion provision

improve for disabled people

better public transport ramps wide doors

influence of media

Tv companies spend copious amounts to get broadcasting rights allows for fans to communicate allows for global coverage

commercialisation

influence of commerce and trade on an industry in order to make a profit

media influence example

event programming time changed due to needs of tv companies rules changed due to VAR

sponsorship pros and cons (players)

pros= money so athletes can train full time pays for competitions

cons= unreliable only available to elite performers

sponsorship pros and cons (companies)

pros= brand awareness healthy image of company

cons=uncertain investment if event disrupted exposure lost

sportsmanship

involves fair play and behaviour that shows respect for opponents and gracious behaviour whether winning or losing

sportsmanship e.g

helping rival if injured kicking ball out if someone injured

etiquette

customs we observe surrounding rules and regulations and what’s socially acceptable in a particular culture

etiquette e.g

towelling machine after use shaking hands with opponents

gamesmanship

use of unethical methods to gain an advantage

gamesmanship e.g

falling deliberately when tackled in a penalty area to gain a point time wasting to prevent opposition from scoring

gamesmanship explanation

ego-orientated and extrinsically motivated more likely than intrinsically motivated

deviance

human behaviour against societies norms and values often against the law (spectators may be influenced)

deviance e.g

hooliganism in football drugs cheating and violence

drugs

hard to stop due to withdrawal symptoms increase anxiety cause depression

drug examples

anabolic steroids= can train for longer increase strength and aggression

Beta blockers= control heart rate and keep athlete calm

stimulants (e.g. amphetamines)=increase alertness

reasons why drugs taken

media pressure financial pressure lack of moral code following deviant role models ‘win at all costs’ mentality

sanctions for drugs

punishments and bans loss of sponsors damaging sport reputation negative role model

violence

intent to harm others outside rules (hard to distinguish between violence and aggression)

violenec e.g

rugby world cup 2015 Mariano Galarza from Argentina banned for eye gouging

reasons for violence

cant' help it (instinctive response) provocation from the crowd copying role models use of anabolic steroids nature of the game (e.g. contact sport)

controlling violence

removing yourself from the situation breathing exercises punishment of aggression selective attention