AP Lang Vocab Terms Sem 1

August Vocab - December Vocab

Rhetoric

The study of persuasive speaking/writing, especially with compositional techniques

Ethos

Credibility and character of a source

Pathos

Evoking emotion in a source

Logos

Using math and statistics in a source

Diction

The choice of words that convey a tone/message or fit the background

Syntax

Structure of a sentence to convey an efficient message

Anecdote

An amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person

Allusion

An expression designed to call something to mind with out mentioning it explicitly

Analogy

A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification

Repetition

The action of repeating something that has already been said or written

Parallelism

Using similar grammatical structures, words, or phrases to emphasize related ideas

Fallacy

An error in reasoning that makes an argument misleading, unsound or invalid

Connotation

An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning

Denotation

Literal dictionary definition of the word

Juxtaposition

Placing contrasting ideas close together to emphasize their differences

Imagery

Descriptive language appealing to the senses

Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

Understatement

Minimizing something for effect

Counter argument

Addressing an opposing viewpoint in writing

Concession

Acknowledgement of a valid opposing point

Refutation

The act of disproving an opposing argument

Deductive Reasoning

A general principle applied to a specific case

Inductive Reasoning

Soecifuc evidence leading to a general conclusion

Antithesis

Opposite ideas balanced in a similar way

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Rhetoric - Used persuasive language in order to prove a point to the audience

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Ethos - Shaquille O’Neal is a famous basketball player, so him endorsing the product uses his reputation to prove validity of the product

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Pathos - Sad dog evokes emotion of grief and pain so that you take action

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Logos - 96% is a statistic

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Diction - Hagrid’s slang is portrayed which gives identity and meaning to the character, otherwise the author would not have chose to include accented words in his dialogue

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Syntax - Poems have complex and more expressive syntax than say an essay. Therefore a poem’s language can be counted as syntax

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Anecdote - It’s a personal story for the teacher about a real incident that happened in their life

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Allusion - Scrooge is a famous character from the book, “A Christmas Carol” and is known for being grumpy and bitter. But because the speaker didn’t mention the story, the word Scrooge alludes to the character.

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Analogy - Compares me and my best friend to peanut butter and jelly to show the close relationship. Those pairs are both unrelated otherwise

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Repetition - Martin Luther King Jr. keeps saying the phrase “I have a dream” to emphasize his forward thinking and futuristic optimism.

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Parallelism - The phrase “what you did” is used the same in different contexts to emphasize a point that everyone knows what they did.

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Fallacy - This is a clear exaggeration because it only gives you two options, even though you can probably go to the party for a bit and still find time to study. To automatically assume you fail by going to the party is invalid to the argument

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Connotation - It states that home in this case refers to the feeling of warmth and comfort which is not the dictionary definition, but its implied that home refers to emotions

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Denotation - states it talks about the dictionary definition of what a home is

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Juxtaposition - The murder and assassination indicates he is a very corrupt and immoral person, but the baptizing indicates religion and morality which contrast each other

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Imagery - the description of the breeze shows an illustration of a beach-side view, causing the reader to think of what they would feel on a beach

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Irony - Pilots are known for flying way up in the sky so the fact he’s scared of heights contrasts the idea that he goes up high. It’s expected for him to be comfortable with heights.

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Understatement - Clearly a lethal disease is a big deal so by stating it’s not only emphasizes how big of a deal it is

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Counterargument - States the counter argument, but also provides reasoning to why their claim is better. It’s important to note it didn’t say the counter was not true, but merely stated why it’s the inferior argument

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Concession - The admittance to being wrong is considered a concession, because it validates the other argument.

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Refutation - Counter the argument (disagrees) but it invalidates the other argument by stating the data does not prove their statement.

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Deductive reasoning - Using concepts of what a fruit is (has seeds) and comparing it to other concepts (grapes also have seeds) you can deduce that the fact of the matter is that grapes are fruits

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Inductive reasoning - The specific detail is that my dog who is a pit bull does not like people, but it makes a general statement that all pit bulls don’t like people because my pit bull doesn’t like people (this is also a fallacy).

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Antithesis - Two opposing claims that counter each other, but do not attack each other. They’re both right in their own way, but they take opposite sides of the argument.