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1 a) Describe the concept of a superimposed boundary
b) Describe 3 political or cultural consequence of superimposed boundaries in Africa
c) identify one challenge landlocked african countries face in developing viable economies
a) A boundary/border line placed by an external border arbitrarily
b) boundaries have caused many africans to lose their culture, caused many ethnic, religious, tribal conflicts, and caused border conflicts.
c) one challenge is access to the sea. without access to the sea, landlocked african countries cannot get easy access to maritime trade or ocean resources.
political geographers, analyze, territoriality and sovereignty in a variety of scales, including regional state, substate, regional and local.
a) define the concept of territoriality in terms of political geography
b) describe the concept of sovereignty as it relates to the state
c) compare one difference in territorial organization between the governments of unitary states and the governments of federal states
d) recently, the United Kingdom decided to withdraw from the European Union explain one possible reason my sovereignty would play a role in the United Kingdom decision withdraw from the EU
e) explain one possible reason why territoriality would play a role in devolution of a state
f) explain how the process of redrawing district boundary lines may affect election results within the city
explain why neighboring local governments may face challenges and providing transportation services to residents of a rapidly growing metropolitan area
a) Territoriality Is the process by which a land area is established under jurisdiction
b) sovereign states have the to control everything inside their border without interference from outside sources like other states.
c) Unitary states usually have one single government that controls over the whole state whereas federal states divide power among regional governments that control a limited amount of territory.
d) The UK left the EU because its leaders at the time felt as if the UK had surrendered too much sovereignty to the supranational government of the EU.
e) Many Scots see Scotland as its own country, and see it as apart of the EU.
f) Redrawing districts boundary lines so that there is a huge majority of opposition voters in one district and a minority of the opposition party’s voters in all the other districts can allow for the opposition party to lose even if there is more opposition voters.
g) local governments that are divided may find it difficult to agree on a transportation service or project.
Define devolution.
Describe how cultural diversity contributes to devolutionary pressures within a country.
Describe how regional economic differences contribute to devolutionary pressures within a country.
Describe how physical geography and territorial size contribute to devolutionary pressures within a country.
Identify ONE political impact resulting from devolutionary pressures related to cultural differences in either Spain or Nigeria.
Explain ONE political impact resulting from devolutionary pressures related to cultural differences in either Spain or Nigeria.
a) the breakup of a state
b) cultural diversity contributes to devolutionary pressure because of differences in language, religion, history or ethnicity which may have caused conflicts and divided a state.
c) regional economic differences can encourage devolution because some regions may realize they are much richer than other regions and decide they want to become their own state.
d) physical geography can encourage devolution if a region is separated by mountains or water and struggles to have access to the main land. This may cause the region to ask to separate and form their own government so that its easier for them to access the capital and other important places.
e) One political impact is that there have been many successionist movements and attempts for succession in Nigeria.
f) Due to ethnic differences, many regions have tried to secede from Nigeria because of self-determination. There have also been many many movements for succession as there are lots of tribes in Nigeria and not all of them have been equally represented in government or anywhere in the country.
Identify ONE geopolitical event that initiated change in the number of international boundaries in Europe between 1980 and 2013.
Explain how nationalism can eliminate an international boundary.
Based on your answer to part B, describe an example from the maps shown.
Explain how nationalism can create new international boundaries.
Based on your answer to part D, describe an example from the maps shown.
Describe ONE way supranationalism has affected the functions of international boundaries in Europe.
Describe ANOTHER way supranationalism has affected the functions of international boundaries in Europe.
Breakup of the Soviet Union
Nationalism can eliminate boundaries by bringing people together because of a shared cultural identity.
One example is the reunification of Germany as a single state. Germany being one shared cultural identity brought people together creating a unified state.
A supranational organization like the EU has affected the functions of internal boundaries in Europe by eliminating people having to exchange currency into other forms of currency at internal boundaries because most of the EU is united under one currency: the euro.
Another way is that all citizens of EU states can travel freely between other EU states meaning the EU has to make sure that its external boundaries are more protected, by enhancing border security, customs enforcement and so on.
Identify the political phenomenon represented on the map.
Explain the relationship between redistricting and the census.
Identify ONE political consequence that could result from redistricting.
Based on your answer to part C, explain ONE political consequence that could result from redistricting.
Identify ANOTHER political consequence that could result from redistricting.
Based on your answer to part E, explain ANOTHER consequence that could result from redistricting.
The phenomenon occurring on the map is gerrymandering.
The census is used as an approximate enumeration of a population and is therefore used when redrawing boundaries since it can be used for examining demographic changes.
One political consequence is lack of community. A gerrymandered district can cause congressmen and other representatives of a district to be far from other residents of a district and cause a congressman to be difference ethnically and economically. This may cause the congressman to not be good representation of a district causing conflicts.
Another political consequence is lower voter participation. If a candidate is eliminated due to not being in the district anymore, voters may be confused and decide not to vote.
Identify three examples of walls or other barriers built by countries in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Explain the purpose of one of the examples you identified in part a.
For each of the categories listed below, discuss a consequence faced by countries as a result of walls or other barriers established along their borders.
i. social or political
ii. economic
iii. environmental
3 examples are the US-Mexico Border, the Berlin Wall and the Green Wall of Israel-Palestine.
The US-Mexico Border wall was created to prevent illegal immigrants and goods from coming into the US.
A social or political consequence is that people trying to cross will cross in more creative ways. If there a physical man-made border, people will just find another way to get across.
Having less immigration may cause labor to be less cheap and much less efficient.
Various species of animals will not be able to get across the border, which may hurt them if they need to migrate. Also the border will be ugly and ruin the landscape of the area it crosses.
