Gametogenesis and Fertilization

Flashcards based on Dr Vijay Paul Samuel's lecture on Gametogenesis and Fertilization.

Mitosis

Type of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

Cell division that produces haploid cells from a diploid cell, reducing the chromosome number.

Testes

Male gonads where sperm is produced.

Ovaries

Female gonads where ova are produced.

Gametogenesis

The process of forming haploid gametes from diploid cells.

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm formation in the testes.

Oogenesis

The process of ovum formation in the ovaries.

Spermatocytogenesis

The proliferative phase of spermatogenesis.

Spermiogenesis

The phase where spermatids mature into spermatozoa.

Seminiferous tubules

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Acrosome

Contains enzymes required for fertilization of the ovum.

Mid-piece

The location of mitochondria in sperm.

Flagellum

The part of the sperm that provides motility.

Primary Oocyte

Cell that is arrested at Prophase I before birth

Secondary Oocyte

Cell that is arrested at Metaphase II.

FSH

What hormone influences the ovarian cycle?

Ampulla of the fallopian tube

Normal site of fertilization.

Fimbriae

Structure that sucks the oocyte into the fallopian tube.

Peristaltic contractions and ciliary beat

What propels the ovum to the Ampulla?

Corona radiata

What surrounds the secondary oocyte?

Hyaluronidase, Acrosin & Nuraminidase

Enzymes released during the acrosome reaction.

Zona reaction & vitelline block

What prevents polyspermy?

Cleavage

What is the first mitotic division of the zygote called?

Diploid number of chromosomes

What is restored after fertilization?

What is the result of Mitosis?

The cells are genetically identical

How does meiosis affect cells?

Divides a diploid cell into haploid cells.

Forms the sperm

What is the function of the testes?

Ovaries

What cells form the Ova?

Meiosis

What phase means production of the haploid gamete?

Spermatids

What matures into spermatozoa?

Secondary oocyte with corona radiata

What is expelled from the Graffian follicle?

Fallopian tube

What tube is expelled into for transportation of the ovum?

Acrosome reaction

What reaction releases the enzymes?

Zygote

What is formed after pronuclear membranes break down?

Sperm nucleus

What contains the genetic material?

FSH

What hormones causes maturation of follicles?

Embryo enters the third week of development

What marks on the first day of the missing menstrual period due to pregnancy?

Where the sperm is

What is the male pronucleus?

Mitotic division

What division occurs in the zygote?

Secreted FSH

What is the main component of Graffian follicle?

Tertiary follicle

Only one becomes what?

What is Ovum?

Mature egg

Variation of the species

What contains random shufflings of genetic material

In the Zygote

Where does male pronucleus reside in?

Where does Spermatogenesis

Occurs in the Seminiferous Tubules?

Spermiogenesis

Cell differentiation and cellular remodelling?

Enzymes

Where does the acrosome fill with?

The Epithelia

What is propelled to the Ampulla?