world history test 3

Aggressive nationalism

One cause for W.W.I

Militarism

Another cause for W.W.I

New Imperialsim

Another cause for W.W.I

Showdown of Fashoda

resulted in New Imperialism in Africa between Great Britian and France, and France backed down

“The Sickman of Europe”

a very weak Ottoman Empire

Greatest reason for the start of W.W.I

the system of secret alliances which developed after the Franco-Prussia war

The Triple Alliance of Germany

Austria-Hungary and Italy

Triple Entente

Great Britain and her dominions and colonies, France and her colonies, and Russia

Immediate cause of the war

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

"Schlieffen Plan"

Germany implemented this plan, called for a German invasion of Belgium, which became the catalyst in bringing Great Britain into the war against Germany

Trench Warfare

war on the western front during W. W. I

Two major reasons why the U.S. entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente

German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, and Germany was trying to entice Mexico to declare war against the U.S

What happened after the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917?

Russia dropped out of the Triple Entente

Submarine warfare

Germany’s principal means of warfare during W. W. I and led to the entrance of the U.S into the war and the side of the Triple Entente

Submarines

Only effective German naval force during WWI

Tsar Nicholas the II quit

Ended Romanov rule of Russia

The provisional Government

Established after Tsar Nicholas II quit and was established by Alexander Kerensky and would be Russia’s last attempt at democracy until the 1990’s

Romanov’s and Hapsburgs

2 Major Dynasties

Central Powers (Triple Alliance)

The new government continued the war against the ____ with disastrous results

Kerensky

became the new head of the Provisional Government

“October Revolution”

The Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and seized power under the leadership of Lenin

Russia, under the Bolsheviks

surrendered to Germany in W.W.I

Armenian Christians

During W.W.I, the Ottoman Empire would commit genocide on this group

Great Britian and France

Leaned heavy on their colonies to supplement their manpower during W.W.I

Substantial female employment

was a transitory phenomenon

Women during W.W.I

Heavily involved in the work force of warring nations, and after the war most of them lost them job

Women’s Role on the Home Front During World War I

The crucial contributions of ____ to the war effort—working in factories, serving as nurses, and maintaining the economy—led to the extension of voting rights shortly after the war in countries like Great Britain, the U.S., Germany, and Austria.

Influenza Pandemic

lethal virus/pandemic that killed over 30 million people during W.W.I and may have started in the U.S

Treaty of Versailles - June 1919

this treaty greatly punished the losing side. Germany was severely punished for W.W.I

Who was accepted as part of the Treaty of Versailles and who did not become a member

Wilson’s League of Nations; the U.S

Hapsburgs and Romanov’s

ended as a result of W.W.I

The U.S. after W.W.I

surpassed Europe militarily and economically and became the most powerful country in the world

Disillusionment and Pessimism

characterized European and U.S. thought after W.W. I

Russia

surrendered to Germany in W.W. I in 1917 before the war ended a year later

Romanov Dynasty

was one of the major European dynasties that ended as a result of W. W. I (please know two others i.e., Hohenzollern and Hapsburg)

Britain, France, Japan and the United States

distrusting the Bolsheviks, sent limited numbers of troops and supplies to the White armies

Red Armies

defeated the White armies

Disease and starvation

as many as 10 million people primarily died to this

After the surrender of Russia in W.W.I

there was civil war between the Red Army who were the Bolsheviks and the White Armies made up of disparate groups all opposed by the Bolsheviks

Bolsheviks after civil war

called themselves “communists” and changed the name of Russia to the “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” (USSR)

Lenon

implemented the New Economic Policy (NEP) which temporarily restored the market economy and some private enterprise in Russia

Stalin

emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death and introduced Five Year Plans to increase industrial productivity

Stalin after implementing his Five Year Plan

initiated collectivization of farmlands whereby he confiscated privately-owned farms as a means of increasing agricultural production.

Kulaks

The farming group that suffered most severely during Stalin’s collectivization policy and prospered under Lenin’s NEP

Great Purge

Stalin executing many of the Communist party former or current elite (these were viewed as his primary target)

Great Depression

came after the stock market crash of 1929 and badly damaged the economy

High unemployment

major characteristic of the Great Depression

Economic nationalism

whereby they imposed high tariffs and quotas on imported goods and that the overall result was a sharp decline in international trade

Smoot-Hawley Act

raised duties on most manufactured products to prohibitive levels and was met by the governments of dozens of other nations raising tariffs on imports of U.S. products

Early Government Response to the Great Depression

In the early stages of the Great Depression, most governments, including the U.S., did not intervene in their economies.

John Maynard Keynes

most influential economists of the 20th century, and recommended heavy involvement by governments in stimulating their economies

The New Deal

FDR was a propenent of Keynes economic policies and his economic policy to stimulate the government became known as _____

Facisim

First introduced into Europe by Mussolini of Italy

Middle Class

the class in Italy and Germany that was most attracted to fascism

Ultranationalism

in which the state was supreme, was a primary characteristic of fascism

Fascist View of Liberal Democracy

Fascists were hostile to liberal democracy, which they viewed as weak and lacking strong leadership.

Mussolini

became the dictator and became known as “II Duce” - the leader

Anti-Semitism Under Mussolini vs. Hitler

never became as pronounced under Mussolini as it did under Hitler.

Weimar Republic

After W.W.I; Germany’s first democratically elected government and was later replaced by the Nazi Government

Mein Kampf

considered the “blueprint” of the Third Reich

Weimar Republic

blamed for humiliating the Treaty of Versailles, the early hyperinflation of the 1920s, and blamed for the Great Depression

Middle class

primary voting target for the Nazi Party

Nazi Racial Policy

The Nazi Party stressed a racial movement in which people of Aryan descent were considered superior, and anti-Semitism was a key component.

Anti-semetism

had existed in Germany long before the Nazi party came to power

Creation of the Third Reich

After coming to power, Hitler dismantled Germany's existing democratic government and established a totalitarian regime where only the Nazi Party was allowed to exist

Anti-Semitism

key component of the Nazi regime in an endeavor to achieve a new racial order

Japan

launched a full-scale invasion of China

Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

The Spanish Nationalists, led by General Franco, received support from Germany and Italy, while the Spanish Loyalists were backed by the Soviet Union

Spanish Nationalists

won the Spanish civil War

Hitler

ended the Weimar Republic and outlawed all political parties except the Nazi party; created new government called the Third Reich

Anschluss

forced this group on Austria in which Germany annexed Austria

Annexation of the Sudetenland (1938)

Hitler took the ______ from Czechoslovakia without conflict, as Great Britain and France chose to appease his demands instead of opposing his aggressive expansion

Appeasement

Great Britain and France’s policy of allowing Hitler to take the Sudetenland away from Czechoslovakia

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to remain neutral if either went to war with a third party, which helped enable Hitler's aggressive expansion without fear of Soviet opposition

Blitzkrieg

A military tactic implemented early in W. W. II by Nazi Germany which involved rapid use of planes and tanks

Germany

defeated France in W.W.II

Lebensraum

“Living space” for German citizens

Nazi Germany’s army that invaded the Soviet Union

an international army comprised of many nationalities

Soviet Union

moved much of its industrial base east before the start of W. W. II where it was not vulnerable to German attack

“Final Solution”

Nazi Germany’s plan to exterminate Jews

Truman Doctrine

in an effort to prevent Greece and Turkey from becoming communist states, made clear the position of the U.S. in helping nations from becoming communistic

Truman Doctrine

was successful in preventing the Soviet Union from making Greece and Turkey communist nations

Marshall Law

a U.S.-financed plan that helped the non-communist governments of Europe to recover after W. W. II

Cold War

started just after W. W. II, and there became two military camps each led by a superpower

NATO

led by the U.S. and included Great Britain, France and West Germany

Warsaw Pact

led by the Soviet Union and included its Eastern European satellite countries

United States

joined the United Nations and the headquarters of the UN are in NYC

“Iron Curtain”

referred to the satellite countries of Eastern Europe under the control of the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

caused the 1948 crisis in Berlin by closing all of the land routes running from western Germany through Eastern Germany into Berlin

Berlin Wall

built at the insistence of the Soviet Union and in agreement with East Germany to stop the emigration from East Berlin into West Berlin

Sputnik

The Soviet Union launched the first satellite into space

Yuri Gagarin

The Soviet Union launched the first person

Nikita Khrushchev

emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union by 1956 after an internal power struggle

The West of Europe

continued to be much more prosperous and consumer items were much more available compared to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

Korean War

ended in a stalemate

“Domino Theory”

which held that if one country became Communist, neighboring countries would collapse to communism the way a row of dominos falls sequentially

Bay of Pigs in Cuba

resulted in utter failure

Fidel Castro

the Communist leader of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis

Krushchev

The leader of the Soviet Union most associated with de-Stalinization

The pandemic of 1919

20 million died due to this