3.19.25 lecture: Adrenals and Gonads

adrenal glands sit ________________________

on top of the kidneys

the ____________ is neural tissue that acts as a part of the SNS

adrenal medulla

the adrenal cortex secretes ______________________, ______________________, and _______________________

mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

gonadocorticoids (androgens)

the ______________ secretes steroid hormones

adrenal cortex

true/false: everything produced in the adrenal cortex is a steroid hormone

true!

true/false: nothing produced in the adrenal medulla is a steroid hormone

true!

there are only 2 places in the body where you produce steroid hormones and the _____________________ is one of them

adrenal cortex

What is cortisol derived from?

Cholesterol (it's a steroid hormone).

Where is cortisol secreted from?

The adrenal cortex.

Cortisol follows a ________ rhythm, with levels peaking in the ________.

circadian; early morning.

What is cortisol's effect on blood glucose?

It increases blood glucose.

cortisol is under _____________ control which releases __________________

hypothalamic; CRH

CRH is short for __________________________ and is a _______ based hormone

cortitropin releasing hormone; amino acid

CRH travels via _______________________ to the ______________________ to stimulates the release of ______________ which travels to the adrenal gland to stimulate the hormone ________________

hypophyseal portal system; anterior pituitary; ACTH; cortisol

in terms of the circadian rhythm, cortisol is under ___________ feedback

negative

the process of releasing cortisol for the stress response is known as the __________________

HPA axis

true/false: the HPA axis for stress response is under negative feedback

false, more cortisol does not inhibit the release of more cortisol

first thing in the morning, cortisol will raise blood glucose by increasing 2 things:

gluconeogenesis and lipolysis

when stressed, cortisol does 4 things:

1. increases proteolysis

2. increases insulin resistance

3. decreases inflammation

4. suppresses immune function

hyposecretion of cortisol leads to:

Addison's disease (we didn't talk about the symptoms)

hypersecretion of cortisol leads to:

cushing's syndrome and cushing's disease

cushing's syndrome is caused by _______________, cushing's disease is caused by _____________________

excess glucocorticoid; elevated secretion of ACTH

Cushing's __________ is induced by medications

syndrome

from gonads, if ______________ is not secreted, the gonads become female genetalia

testosterone

estrogen and progesterone are female sex ______________

steroids

progesterone in conjunction with estrogen triggers ___________ development and _____________________ regulation

breast; menstrual cycle

estrogen alone is responsible for _____________________

maturation of female reproductive organs