Background Issues in Language Learning

Flashcards based on key concepts and guiding questions from the lecture notes on background issues in language learning.

What are the various theories about language acquisition?

Language acquisition theories include behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and connectionism.

Krashen differentiated learning from acquisition by stating that is a subconscious process whereas is a conscious process.

acquisition; learning

Roughly-tuned input is _ while finely-tuned input is __ in regards to language acquisition.

general; specific

Watson and Raynor's experiments, along with Pavlov's, showed __ results in behavioral responses.

similar

The behaviorist view of learning can be applied to language learning through __.

reinforcement and conditioning

The sentence 'language learning will take care of itself' accounts for __.

naturalistic learning processes

According to Dick Allwright, necessary components for language learning include __.

exposure, practice, and feedback

The terms 'focus on form' and 'focus on forms' signify _ and _ learning strategies respectively.

attention to grammar; attention to grammatical forms

The term 'noticing' covers and affects language learning by .

awareness of language features; enhancing comprehension and retention

Behaviorism was criticized for __ in language learning theory.

overemphasizing external behaviors and neglecting internal cognitive processes

Students should work on the language by __ according to modern approaches.

engaging in meaningful communication

The significance of repetition in language learning is that __.

it reinforces memory and aids retention

Discovery learning should be encouraged in classes because it __.

promotes deeper understanding and engagement with the language

The affective filter can be lowered by __ strategies.

creating a supportive and low-anxiety learning environment

Negative sides of humanistic approaches include __.

vagueness and difficulty in measuring progress

Scholars working on the abilities of students to learn new things include __, and their theories focus on __.

Vygotsky and Piaget; social interaction and cognitive development

Features of the notion 'language play' include and .

creativity; experimentation with language