Global Interactions: Early Modern Period (c. 1450 to c. 1750)

These flashcards cover essential topics about global interactions, key events, and trends from the Early Modern Period, facilitating better understanding and retention of the material.

What were the two main forms of empires during the Early Modern period?

Land-based and sea-based empires.

Which event in 1517 sparked the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther’s posting of the 95 Theses.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A biological exchange of plants, animals, germs, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.

Which technological advancements facilitated transoceanic travel during the Early Modern period?

Cartography, navigation tools, and ship design.

What was the purpose of joint-stock companies in the Early Modern period?

To share the risk and profit of long-distance commercial ventures.

What was mercantilism?

An economic theory that focused on increasing a nation's wealth by exporting more than importing.

What impact did silver extraction have in the Americas?

It provided significant income to European monarchs and fueled the purchase of Asian luxury goods.

What were the main cash crops cultivated in the Americas during the Early Modern period?

Sugar and tobacco.

What was the significance of the Atlantic System?

It involved the movement of goods, wealth, and coerced laborers; known as the Triangular Trade.

How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Western Europe during the Early Modern Period?

It provided significant intellectual and philosophical developments, and the creation of the scientific method.

What role did Asian empires play in global interactions during the Early Modern Period?

They expanded enormously but began to isolate themselves from Western influence.

What were the notable outcomes of the Enlightenment in relation to monarchies?

It led to questioning of absolute monarch power and influenced Atlantic Revolutions.

Which empire was known for the devshirme system?

The Ottoman Empire.

How did the caste system develop in Spanish America?

It was created to classify the various ethnic groups resulting from intermixing in the New World.

What was the impact of European diseases on Native American populations?

It decimated Native American populations due to lack of immunity.

What was the Little Ice Age and how did it affect agriculture?

A period of cooler temperatures that negatively impacted agricultural productivity.

Which empire’s expansion was primarily fueled by gunpowder technology?

The Ottoman, Mughal, and Russian Empires.

What was the role of the printing press during the Reformation?

It facilitated the spread of Reformation ideas and translated religious texts into vernacular languages.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

It divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.

What did the 'Middle Passage' refer to in the transatlantic slave trade?

The journey of enslaved Africans transported to the Americas.

How did the role of women change in Europe during this period?

Families became smaller, and childhood began to be recognized as a separate phase of life.

What was the main cause of the Thirty Years War?

Religious and political conflict between Protestant and Catholic states in Europe.

How did European powers use art and architecture to legitimize their state power?

By sponsoring monumental architecture and artworks that displayed their authority.

What was the significance of the slave trade in the Early Modern period?

It played a crucial role in the economies of European colonies and led to devastating demographic and cultural changes in Africa.

What were the main reasons for European exploration during the Early Modern period?

Economic interests, spreading Christianity, and national competition.

How did the Protestant Reformation affect the Catholic Church?

It led to a decline in its power and the establishment of Protestant denominations.

What was the role of religion in the Early Modern period?

It influenced politics, social structures, and international relations significantly.

What were the effects of the Columbian Exchange on global populations?

It led to significant demographic shifts due to the introduction of new foods and diseases.

What impact did the printing press have on society in the Early Modern period?

It increased literacy rates and allowed for the mass dissemination of ideas, including those of the Reformation.

What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution in England?

It established parliamentary sovereignty and limited the powers of the monarchy.

How did Enlightenment ideas influence the Atlantic Revolutions?

They promoted concepts of liberty, equality, and democracy, leading to revolutionary movements.

What were the economic impacts of the Age of Exploration?

Increased trade networks, the rise of capitalism, and new markets for European goods.

What was the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on West African societies?

It led to societal disruption, economic changes, and increased internal conflicts.