Grade 8 Geography End-of-Year Exam 2025 Study Booklet

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions relevant to the Grade 8 Geography curriculum for preparation for the end-of-year exam.

What does the Earth’s rotation cause?

The occurrence of day and night.

How long does it take for the Earth to make one complete revolution around the Sun?

365¼ days.

What is the term for when the Moon is nearest to the Earth?

Perigee.

What event occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in a straight line?

Conjunction.

What is a lunar month?

The period of time it takes for the Sun, Earth, and Moon to align in conjunction, which is about 29½ days.

What is a Solar Eclipse?

An event when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and the Earth, obscuring the Sun's rays.

When does a Lunar Eclipse occur?

When the Earth casts its shadow on the Moon while they are aligned directly with the Sun.

What creates spring tides?

The alignment of the Sun and Moon during conjunction (Full or New Moon stages).

What defines Neap tides?

When the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other relative to the Earth.

What is the role of the Greenwich Meridian?

It is the 0° line of longitude that serves as the basis for global timekeeping and divides the Earth into Eastern and Western hemispheres.

What are push factors in migration?

Negative aspects of a place that drive people to leave.

What are pull factors in migration?

Positive aspects that attract people to move to a particular area.

What is subsistence farming?

Farming mainly for the family's use, typically on a small plot of land without advanced equipment.

What is commercial farming?

Farming for profit, typically involving large plots of land and advanced farming technology.

What are biotic resources?

Living organisms obtained from the biosphere.

What are abiotic resources?

Non-living resources.

What is the definition of climate?

A summary of the weather conditions averaged over a long period in a specific area.

What is the significance of the Troposphere?

It contains the majority of atmospheric gases and is where weather occurs.

How does latitude affect temperature?

The closer to the Equator, the hotter the temperatures; the further away, the cooler.

What is the Beaufort Scale used for?

Measuring wind speed based on observed conditions.

What is the main cause of ocean tides?

The gravitational pull of the Moon.

What is the Water Cycle?

The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.