Unit 2 CNA Exam

Medical Asepsis

A process or practice of reducing the number and transfer of pathogens from one place to another

Flexion

Bending a body part

Microorganisms

Tiny living things existing everywhere in the environment that are capable of developing into an illness —Also known as germs/microbes

Pathogens

Harmful germs or microorganisms that can cause infection

Infection

Condition or disease that happens when harmful germs enter the body and grow

Asepsis

Being free of disease-producing microorganisms, the absence of pathogens

Standard Precautions

Using specific infection control practices to prevent contact with body fluids of the person served. All human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious.

Disinfection

To remove or kill most of pathogens from the object to clean the object.

Sterilization

All microorganisms or microbes and pathogens are destroyed

Autoclave

Machine that kills microorganisms, sterilizes by creating steam or a type of gas

Clean

An object is considered to have some germs on the surface but usually are devoid pathogens that could cause an infection

Dirty

An object is considered to have a number of germs and some may have the potential to be pathogens that could cause an infection

Microbes

Grow best in warm, dark, moist areas; with the presence of food like oxygen

Normal Flora

Microorganisms that normally live and no the body without causing harm to a healthy person

Bacteria

Staph, strep TB, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA), Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE), C-diff, etc.

Virus

AIDS, Hepatitis, etc.

Fungus

Yeast infections on skin, athlete's feet, or ringworm

Infection Control

The set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease

Localized Infection

An infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms

Systemic Infection

An infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms

Healthcare Acquired Infection (HAI)

The spread of infection within the healthcare setting

Reinfection

Infection a second time around

Cross Infection

Spread by transferring mmicroorganisms from one resident to another

The CDC

A federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect the health of individuals and communities

Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA)

A federal government agency that is responsible for making rules to protect workers from hazards on the job --Creates guidelines to protect all staff, to assure safe and healthful working conditions

Potentially contaminated body fluids include..

Tears, saliva, vomit, urine, feces, pus, fluid from a wound, fluid coughed up, semen or vaginal secretions

Hand Washing

The most important thing a CNA can do to prevent the spread of disease

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Equipment that helps protect employees from serious injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards

Don

To put on

Doff

To take off

Airborne Transmission

Germs that are spread through the air --Eg. TB

Droplet Transmission

Germs spread through coughing, sneezing, laughing, or talking --Eg. Influenza

Contact Transmission

Germs spread through contact from one host to another
--Eg. Pink eye, C-diff, etc.

Isolation

A way to prevent the spread of microorganisms by limiting or avoiding exposure to infected persons

Biohazard Containers

Hard, leak proof containers that are usually red in color --Used for storing contaminated supplies or used sharps

Blood Borne Pathogens

Microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease

Hepatitis

An inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma

Hepatitis A

Transmitted person-to-person by the fecal-oral route or through consumption of contaminated food or water

Hepatitis B

Transmitted from mother to child during birth and delivery, as well as through contact with blood or other body fluids and improperly sterilized needles

Hepatitis C

Transmitted through contaminated blood

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

A disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) --Attack the body's immune system, gradually weakening and disabling it

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Antibiotic resistant infection often acquired in a healthcare facility --Almost always spread by direct physical contact with an infected person

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Antibiotic resistance infection spread through direct contact as well as indirect contact

Clostridium Difficile (C-diff)

A spore forming bacteria which is part of the normal intestinal flora and when the flora is altered C-diff can grow and cause infection --Carried by direct and indirect contact

Tuberculosis (TB)

Highly contagious disease caused by bacteria carried on droplets suspended in the air

Latent TB

Person carries disease but does not show symptoms --Can not infect others

Active TB

Person is showing signs and symptoms --Can infect others

WHO

World Health Organization

How long does it take for a serious burn to occur?

5 seconds

What temp should bath water be?

105-110 degrees

PASS

Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep

RACE

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish

Restraints

A physical or chemical way to restrict a person's voluntary movement

A restrained resident should be checked on every ____ minutes

15

A restrained person should be released every ___ hours

2

Ambulate

To walk

Where should a CNA stand when ambulating a resident

At the side or slightly behind the resident

Supine

A body position in which a person lies flat on their back

Lateral

A body position in which a person is lying on either side

Prone

A body position in which a person is lying on their stomach or the front side of their body

Folwer's

A semi-sitting body position in which a person's head and shoulders are elevated 45 to 60 degrees

Sim's

A body position in which a person is lying on his left side with the upper knee flexed and raised toward the chest

Shearing

Rubbing or friction that results from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving inthe opposite direction

Friction

Rubbing of one surface against another

Arthritis

Inflammation or swelling in the joints

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune condition that causes joints to become red, swollen, and very painful

Osteoarthritis

Pain and stiffness in joints, especially weight-bearing joints, referred to as Degenerative joint Disease (DJD) or Degenerative Arthritis

Contractures

A permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity, that causes limited movement

Osteoporosis

A disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle

Foot Drop

A weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that causes problems with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally

Range of Motion

THe extent to which a joint is capable of being moved

Extension

Straightening a body part

Pronation

Turning downward

Supination

Turning upward

ABduction

Moving a body aprt away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body

External/Internal Rotation

Turning a joint

Opposition

Touching the thumb to any other finger

Dorsiflexion

Bending backwards

Plantar Flexion

Bending the foot down