Geography 1050 Section I: Demographics

Demographics

is the study of populations. It includes births, deaths, and migration, known as the demographic triumvirate

Demographic accounting equation

Pt+n = Pt + (B - D) + (I - O)

Geodemography

specifically looks at the intersection of population and place, because populations are always different spatially

Intersectionality

To explain compounded forms of oppression and inequity

Doing population Geographies

can include quantitative analysis of statistical sources like: National censuses, Population registries, Large-scale surveys, "Big data" sources like Facebook And qualitative data such as interviews and ethnographic approaches

The Rural-Urban Continuum

Recognizes that places a have wide variety of characteristics and highlights the range of place types from 'rural' to 'urban'

Population - Size

more population = more urban

Population - Density

The size of the settlement relative to the population matters too. So, urban places are more densely populated than rural.

City

age and household structure, population centres and growth, migration and diversity

Urbanization

refers to an increase in the share of people living in urban areas and the complex changes

Equation for urbanization

U = Pc/Pt

Black holes

Cities as central sources of present and future problems

White knights

Cities are our best chance for developing solutions

Resource hungry

Cities consume disproportionate amounts of energy, water, and raw materials, often sourced unsustainably from distant regions

Sprawling

Poorly planned cities encourage __________ suburbs and car-centric cultures, worsening emissions, and social fragmentation

Marginalized populations

may be displaced, denied access to services, or excluded from economic and/or social benefits

Fragile and brittle cities

Urban infrastructure (food, transport, energy) are vulnerable to shocks (climate disasters, pandemics) and hacking (cybercrime)

Cybercrime

is a major challenge facing the world and its cities. The financial costs are expected to rise into the trillions of dollars

Dense cities

offer a pathway to greater efficiency and reduced carbon emissions

Innovative and smart cities

Internet of things (IoT) and networked cities mean new and rapid forms of integrated mobility, access to services (health, security), commodities, etc

Diverse cites

They encourage tolerance, collaboration, and cultural vibrancy, supporting social sustainability. Cities are leaders in progressive policies around equity, inclusion, and climate action

Sanctuary cities

jurisdictions that limit how much the local police cooperate with requests from federal authorities to hold immigrants in detention

Green cities

Advancements in infrastructure and the integration of nature (wetlands, parks) can improve climate resiliency and biodiversity

Powerful cities

Cities are more nimble than higher levels of government, they can experiment and adopt ambitious climate/sustainability agendas

Claim

An assertion; needs to be backed up

Reason

Logic supporting a claim

Evidence

Facts backing up a reason

Secularization

the process by which a society moves from a religion-centered framework to a more worldly or secular one, where religion's influence in public life, government, and personal belief gradually declines

Arrival city

a transitional space where migrants first settle when they move to the city, whose characteristics can either prevent or support their upward social mobility

Migration

refers to the relocation of people from one place to another.

Economic geography lens

concerned with questions about how migration shapes and is shaped by the economy

Political geography lens

concerned with questions of power and migration

Cultural geography lens

concerned with how migration shapes culture and landscape in sending and receiving societies