Structure of an Enzyme and Mechanism of Action

16. What is the monomer of a protein?

amino acid

17. Two of these bonds attach functional groups. Which functional groups are attached to this central carbon?

18. The third component bonded to that central carbon is a

19. The fourth component is what makes each monomer unique. This is called a/an BLANK group.

?

Hydrogen

R

20. The monomers of a protein are bonded together by a bond called a Blank bond. This bond is a blank covalent bond.

Peptide

Polar

21. When the monomers of a protein are bonded together to form a chain, this is called the BLANK structure of a protein.

Primary

22. There are two organelles (from lab 2) at which this structure (from the previous question) is produced in the cytoplasm of the cell. What are these two organelles?

free ribosome bound ribosome

23. Following the formation of the chain of monomers, a protein will fold to form the blank structure of the protein. This structure is the result of interactions between the functional groups listed above that form the backbone of the chain of monomers. Specifically what interaction is used to form this structure of the protein? blank

secondary

Hydrogen bond

24. Next, the three-dimensional shape of a protein is formed. This is called BLANK structure. Three-dimensional shape is formed by interactions among the BLANK groups of the monomer.

Tertiary

R

25. Name the four interactions that can occur between these parts of the monomer:

London forces

dipole-dipole

Hydrogen bond

Salt Bridge

26. Next, for some proteins, multiple subunits with 3-dimensional shape can interact to form the BLANK structure of the protein.

Quaternary

27. Considering your knowledge of the structure of a protein, what would all the small blue spheres represent in this figure of the macromolecule?

Amino acids

28. Review: Which kind of reaction is this (dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis)?

29. What is the enzyme?

30. What is the substrate?

31. What are the products?

Hydrolysis

Lactase

Lactose

Glucose and Galactose

32. Review: What macromolecule is lactose (which ends in the suffix –ose)?

carbohydrate

33. Review: What type of reaction is this (dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis)?

34. What is the enzyme?

35. What macromolecule is being built using this enzyme? Be specific!

Dehydration Synthesis

Glycogen Synthase

Glycogen