Science 10 (Chemistry): 4 - Ionic, Molecular Compounds, Acids, & Bases

Ionic Compounds

cation (metals) + anions (non-metal), formed when ions exchange charges, when metal lose valance electrons to the nonmetal atom

Electrostatic Attraction

bond that oppositely charged ions have

Electrically Neutral

compound has no net charge

Multivalant Metals

some metals can exist with various/different ion charges in different situations

Stock System

used to distinguish between two ions using roman numerals in the name of the ion.

Polyatomic Ions

group of different atoms joined by a covalent bond with an overall charge of + or -, treated as one unit

Crystal Lattice

formed when cations and anions attract each other, this structure is formed and each could contain millions or trillions of ions

Formulas of Ionic Compounds

indicate the ratio of ions in the repeating pattern of the crystal

High Solubility

more ions in the solution and dissolves in water, higher conductivity (aq)

Low Solubility

lower ions in solution and does not dissolve in water, lower conductivity (s)

Precipitate

if ionic compound with low solubility was formed by a reaction in water.

Molecular Compounds

composed of only non-metal atoms with no charge that share valance electrons instaead of exchanging

Polyatomic Elements

atoms of the same element can form bonds so elements can exist as molecules / elements that is made up of more than 2 elements of the same electrons

Covalent Bond

sharing electrons not exchanging them

Water

a polar molecular compound and has the properties of:

• high boiling point

• high melting point

• high surface tension

• ability to dissolve polar solutes

• high amounts of energy absorved or released during phase changes (water cycle)

Polar Nature

has a positive end and a negative end due to an uneven distribution of electrons.

Diatomic Elements

element with exactly 2 elements of the same element and when individually written, has a charge of 2

High pH Level (8-14)

the more basic it is

Low pH Level (1-6)

the more acidic it is

Acids

molecular compounds with a unique ability to release positively charged ions in a solution.

H+ + nonmetal/polyatomic ions

Bases

ionic compounds with hydroxide ions (OH-) and named using ionic compound rules (Cation + OH-)

accepts H+ to produce OH-

Alcohol

organic compound with Carbon and OH- (- + -)