AP World History Exam Review

Flashcards for vocabulary review based on lecture notes.

Abbasid Caliphate

Islamic empire with its capital in Baghdad (modern day Iraq), known for its trade and the House of Wisdom.

Seljuk and Mamluk Empires

Turkic Muslim empires that rose after the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Song Dynasty

Dynasty in China (960-1279) known for Neo-Confucianism, Champa Rice, gunpowder weapons, and commercialization.

Champa Rice

Drought-resistant rice that allowed for multiple harvests, contributing to rapid population growth during the Song Dynasty.

Devshirme

Practice of enslaving Balkan Christians and training them to be elite military soldiers (Janissaries) in the Ottoman Empire.

Filial Piety

Respect for one's elders and ancestors, especially in Confucian societies.

Civil Service Exam

Exams in China used to select officials for the imperial bureaucracy.

Grand Canal Expansion

Artificial waterway in China expanded during the Song Dynasty to facilitate trade.

Foot binding

Practice of tightly binding the feet of elite women in China, limiting their mobility.

Tribute System

System where states paid tribute to China as a sign of respect and to gain access to trade.

Junk ship

Type of Chinese ship used for trade and exploration.

Commercialization

Economic system where more goods are produced than needed to sell for profit.

Theravada Buddhism

Form of Buddhism emphasizing escaping the cycle of birth and death, primarily for monks (Sri Lanka).

Mahayana Buddhism

Form of Buddhism available to all, emphasizing enlightenment and compassion.

Ming Dynasty

Dynasty in China (1368-1644) that followed the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, practicing Mahayana and Chan Buddhism.

Zheng He

Chinese admiral who led voyages to explore the Indian Ocean and enroll states in China’s tributary system.

Daimyo

Japanese landowners and powerful samurai who followed the code of Bushido.

Bushido

Code of conduct for samurai in Japan emphasizing loyalty, courage, and honor.

Delhi Sultanate

Empire that spread Islam in Southeast Asia, resisted by Hindu Rajput kingdom.

Bhakti Movement

Movement that emphasized personal devotion to Hindu gods instead of rituals.

Silk Roads

Trade route in the middle of Eurasia that was a resting spot for travelers.

Kashgar and Samarkand

Important cities in the middle of trade routes that served as resting spots for travelers.

Flying Money

Paper money used in China.

Bills of Exchange

Early form of checks used to transfer money.

Banking Houses

Banking institutions.

Caravanserai

Resting spots for travelers along trade routes.

Camel Saddle

A saddle made for camels that helped for long distance travel.

Caravans

Group of travelers that help protect against bandits.

Mansa Musa

King of Mali in West Africa who made a famous Hajj to Mecca.

Timbuktu

Major Islamic city in Mali.

Sultanate of Malacca

Islamic merchant choke point.

Diasporic Communities

Communities were merchants settle to set up trade outposts.

Astrolabe

Tool used to navigate.

Magnetic Compass

Tool used to find direction.

Lateen Sail

Sail that makes travel easier.

Mongols

Nomadic group that beat other enemies due to advanced warfare.

Pax Mongolia

Time of peace under Mongol Rule.

Khanates

Areas of Mongol control

Uyghur Script

Script the Mongols adopted to use as a trade language.

Hausa Kingdoms

Converted to Islam for better trade.

Serfdom

System where the poor are tied to the land.

Feudalism

Where people exchange loyalty for protection.

Kings

Had divine right to rule.

Crusades

Military campaigns by European Christians to resist Muslim rule.

Tenochtitlan

Capital city of Aztec.

Mit'a system

System of state project work.

Black Death and Bubonic Plague

Disease that took nearly a third of the population.

Qing Dynasty

Chinese dynasty ruled by Manchu people.

Mughal

Dynasty in India.

Safavids

Dynasty is the middle east.

Shia

Descendants of Muhammad get to rule.

Sunni

Caliph can be anyone elected.

Janissaries

Military unit that was a result from the Devshirme system.

Ottoman Tax Farming

System where tax collection is farmed to other people.

Mughal Zamindars

Place where the Mughal collected taxes.

Council of Trent

Meeting where corruption was removed from the church, but reformation was not supported.

Sikhism

System made from the blend of Hinduism and Islam.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of crops between the new world and afro-eurasia.

Russian Table of Ranks

System that ranks classes of people in Russia.

Corn and Potatoes

New world crops brought to Eurasia

Portuguese Trading Post Empire

Trading system where posts are stationed around an area.

Chattel Slavery

System where people enslaved people are treated as property.

Indentured Servitude

System where people must work for a certain number of years.

Encomienda

Labor system with Spanish conquistadors and indigenous people.

Hacienda

Large plantations.

Casta System

System based on ethnicity.

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain.

Creoles

Children of the Peninsulares born in the Americas.

Mestizo

People with European and indigenous decent.

Mulatto

People with European and African descent.

Zambo

People with indigenous and African descent.

Mercantilism

System to maximize exports and minimize imports of an economy.

Deism

God created and then sat back.

Enlightenment

Reason over religion and plain faith.

Empiricism

Knowledge through experimentation.

Social Contract

Humans create government to protect rights.

Industrial Revolution

Started in England, transition to new manufacturing processes.

Steam Power

New source of power

Labor Unions

Groups working to improve worker's conditions.

Communism and Socialism

Social system with public ownership of the means of production.

Social Classes.

New middle class and working class.

Social Darwinism

Justified Imperialism, natural selection for countries.

Scientific Racism

Measuring of skulls to determine intelligence.

Civilizing Mission

Duty to urbanize and improve places.

Indian Removal Act

Removed Cherokee people from territory.

Taiping Rebellion

Wars fought because the Qing Dynasty were not of Han ethnicity.

Tupac Amaru Rebellion

Rebellion to remove the Spanish.

Resource Export economies

System where national resources are extracted.

Migration of Imperial subjects to metropoles

The act of the new-found colonies traveling to the colonizer nation

Young Turks

Nationalist group in Turkey who wanted modernization and westernization.

Bolsheviks

Political party that seized power and formed the Soviet Union.

Total War

Total commitment of resources to the war effort.

Mandate System

Territories under the control of the League of Nations.

Government sponsored program to get people back to work

New Deal

Fascist Corporatist Economy

State run economy with Fascist policies.

Soviet 5 year plans

State run 5 year plan set up in the Soviet Union with the goals to industrialize.

Allies

The Allies, against the Axis.

Axis powers

Germany, Italy and Japan in WW2

Holocaust

The Nazi Killing of millions of Jews.

Cold war

Conflict between capitalist and communist.