Chapter 10: The Skeletal System FLASHCARDS

The ___ is the tough membrane that covers the surface of the bone.

periosteum

The adult skeleton has how many bones?

206 bones

The winglike side projections of a typical vertebra are called the:

transverse processes

The cranium is a fusion of how many cranial bones?

8

The small bone at the knee is known as the:

patella

The phalanges are the bones of the:

fingers and toes.

An immovable joint is called synarthrosis or:

fibrous

The bones of children are much more ____ than those of an adult.

flexible

Phantom limb is often described by patients as a ____ sensation.

tingling

Which diagnostic procedure permits direct visual inspection of a joint?

Arthroscopy

What is a frequently used test that evaluates the conditions of bones in cases such as dislocations, sprains, and fractures?

X-rays

What condition is caused by the compression of the median nerve at the wrist?

carpal tunnel syndrome

A “duck waddle” walk is a sign of:

congenital hip dysplasia

A patient with epicondylitis experiences pain at the:

elbow

What are the two types of kyphosis?

adolescent and adult

proper name for the collar bone

clavicle

proper name for the breast bone

sternum

the division of the skeletal system that is made up of the spinal column, skull, and rib cage

axial skeleton

what is a mass of foreign material circulating within the blood vessels called?

embolus

what is the openings between two adjacent vertebrae called?

intervertebral foramen

the first seven pair of ribs in the rib cage are classified as:

true ribs

Which division of the skeletal system is made up of the bones of the arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulders, and pelvis?

appendicular skeleton

proper name for the shoulder blade

scapula

the last five pairs of ribs in the rib cage are classified as

false ribs

what separates the bones of the spinal column

intervertebral discs

the proper term for the shin bone

tibia

the proper name for the bones of the digits

phalanges

the proper name for the bones of the wrist

carpals

the proper name for the bones of the palm of the hand

metacarpals

the proper name for the bones of the instep or arch of the foot

metatarsals

the proper name for the heel of the foot

calcaneus

The obvious visual symptom of this condition is the excessive inward curvature of the lumbar portion of the back

lordosis

Place where two or more bony parts join together

articulation

Displacement of bones at a joint so that the regularly articulating surfaces are no longer in contact

dislocation

Type of fracture in which there is more than one fracture line and several bone fragments

comminuted fracture

what is a complete or incomplete tear in the supporting ligaments of a joint called?

sprain

Type of fracture in which there has been a severe twisting action that causes the break to wind around the bone

spiral fracture

what is the partial or incomplete dislocation of the articulating surfaces at the joints called?

Subluxation

A strong, flexible band of connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint is called?

ligament

what is the condition of painful inflammation of the sac located around a joint containing lubricating fluids that allow muscles and tendons to move freely over bony surfaces?

bursitis

Type of fracture in which a broken piece of skull is driven inward

depressed fracture

Bowing of the back, usually at the thoracic level, resulting from improper vertebral alignment is called

Kyphosis

The lateral curvature of the spine, usually in the thoracic region, associated with rotation of the spinal column is called

scoliosis

Type of fracture in which the broken ends of the bone are jammed into one another

impacted

The metabolic disease that results in severe joint pain, especially at night, and is often associated with another disease, such as leukemia

gout

The metabolic bone disorder characterized by acceleration of the rate of bone resorption while the rate of bone formation slows down

osteoporosis

Thoracic vertebrae serve as the posterior attachment points for _______ pairs of ribs.

12

The longest bone in any species is the:

femur

the proper name for the thigh bone

femur

A common injury among children is the ________fracture that involves the breaking of the distal end of the radius, causing a characteristic bulge at the wrist.

Colles’

Before the broken bone can be set, traction (pulling), either manually or by a system of ropes and pulleys, must be used to stretch the muscles and pull the bone pieces back into alignment. This procedure is known as ____________ the fracture.

reducing

With involved fractures, such as compound or comminuted, surgical procedure is often necessary either to repair the skin and surrounding tissues or to place all the small bone fragments in position. This procedure is called:​

open reduction

When the amputated stump has healed sufficiently, a ______________ (artificial part) may be fitted.

prosthesis

A frequently used test that evaluates the condition of bones in cases such as dislocations, sprains, and fractures

X-ray

Imaging modality in which a computer takes the information and reconstructs a cross-sectional (axial) “slice” of the patient

Computed Tomography (CT)

This modality uses strong magnets that cause all of the protons in the field to “line up”

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

This is a precise nuclear medicine procedure using small amounts of a radioactive substance that are injected into a vein to help diagnose the presence of disease based on structural appearance

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan

Usually, the procedure is done in two parts. The injection is given first, and the medium is carried in the blood to the skeleton and distributed throughout the bones

Bone scan

In this modality images can be constructed in any plane (not just axial)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

This endoscopic procedure permits direct visual inspection of a joint, most often the knee

Arthroscopy

In this modality, multiple slices are taken that allow the provider to determine the anatomy in three dimensions

Computed Tomography (CT) scan

Procedure in which a surgeon makes a small incision in the patient’s skin and then inserts pencil-sized instruments that contain small lenses and lighting systems to magnify and illuminate the structures inside the joint

Arthroscopy

This exam is useful in detecting arthritis, torn meniscus, cysts, or loose pieces of tissue

Arthroscopy

The pelvic girdle is joined anteriorly at the ____________ and posteriorly at the _________.

pubic symphysis; sacrum

How many bones make up the adult vertebral column?

26

​What percentage of bone structure is water?

20%

True or False The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

True

True or False The appendicular skeleton consists of the upper and lower extremities, as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles

True

True or False Osteoporosis is more common in younger individuals than in older adults.

False

True or False A Colles’ fracture involves the distal radius and is common in children.

True

True or False Amputation may be necessary when blood supply to a limb is lost or infection cannot be controlled.

True

True or False An open (compound) fracture occurs when the broken bone does not break through the skin.

False

True or False Synovial joints, such as the knee and elbow, allow for free movement.

True

True or False Arthritis is an example of a disease that affects synovial joints.

True

True or False Prostheses are artificial devices used to replace missing body parts, such as limbs or joints.

True

True or False X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool used to evaluate fractures.

True

True or False As the body ages, bones become denser and stronger, reducing the risk of fracture.

False

True or False The skeletal system works closely with the muscular system to enable movement.

True