Psychology 101 - Chapter 16

In psychoanalysis, when patients experience strong feelings for their analyst, this is called _________. Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories, indicating __________. The analyst will attempt to provide insight into the underlying anxiety by offering a(n) __________ of the mental blocks.

transference; resistance; interpretation

What might a psychodynamic therapist say about Mowrer’s therapy for bed-wetting? How might a behavior therapist defend it?

A psychodynamic therapist might be more interested in helping the child develop insight about the underlying problems that have caused the bed-wetting response. A behavior therapist would be more likely to agree with Mowrer that the bed-wetting is the problem, and that counterconditioning the unwanted behavior would indeed bring emotional relief.

What are the insight therapies, and how do they differ from behavior therapies?

The insight therapies—psychodynamic and humanistic therapies—seek to relieve problems by providing an understanding of their origins. Behavior therapies assume the problem behavior is the problem and treat it directly, paying less attention to its origins.

Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hope does this fact provide?

If a behavior can be learned, it can be unlearned and replaced by other, more adaptive responses.

Exposure therapies and aversive conditioning are applications of _________ conditioning. Token economies are an application of _________ conditioning.

classical; operant

How do the humanistic and cognitive therapies differ?

By reflecting people’s feelings in a nondirective setting, the humanistic therapies attempt to foster personal growth by helping people become more self-aware and self-accepting. By making people aware of self-defeating patterns of thinking, cognitive therapies guide them toward more adaptive ways of thinking about themselves and their world.

A critical attribute of the _________ _________ developed by Aaron Beck focuses on the belief that changing people’s thinking can change their functioning.

cognitive therapy

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy, and what sorts of problems does this therapy best address?

____________ _______helps people change self-defeating thinking and behavior. It has been shown to be effective for those with anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, ADHD, eating disorders, and alcohol or other substance use disorders

A therapist who helps clients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams is drawing from

a) psychoanalysis.

b) humanistic therapies.

c) person-centered therapy.

d) behavior therapy.

A

____________ therapies are designed to help individuals discover the unconscious thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.

Insight

Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasize

a) hidden or repressed feelings.

b) childhood experiences.

c) psychological disorders.

d) self-fulfillment and growth.

D

A therapist who restates and clarifies the client’s statements is practicing the technique of _______ _______.

active listening

The goal of behavior therapy is to

a) identify and treat the underlying causes of the problem.

b) improve learning and insight.

c) eliminate the unwanted behavior.

d) improve communication and social sensitivity.

C

Behavior therapies often use ________ techniques, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.

counterconditioning

The technique of _______ ________ teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.

systematic desensitization

After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the highway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his specific phobia, and why?

Behavior therapies are often the best choice for treating specific phobias. Viewing Rico’s fear of the highway as a learned response, a behavior therapist might help Rico learn to replace his anxious response to highway driving with a relaxation response.

At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) _______ _______.

token economy

Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating

a) nail biting.

b) specific phobias.

c) alcohol use disorder.

d) depressive disorders.

D

________-________ therapy helps people to change their self-defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.

Cognitive-behavioral

In family therapy, the therapist assumes that

a) only one family member needs to change.

b) each person’s actions trigger reactions from other family members.

c) dysfunctional family behaviors are based largely on genetic factors.

d) therapy is most effective when clients are treated apart from the family unit.

B