RAD 390 - Test 2 - Sarcomas

__ develops in connective tissue and is the most common sarcoma in children accounting for __%.

Rabdomyosarcoma - 85

Common sites for __ include the extremities, head, neck, and reproductive organs.

Rabdomyosarcoma

__ are fleshy growth or disease that takes place in connective tissue or bone.

Sarcomas

Sarcomas account for less than __% of all cancers and cancer deaths.

1

__ are more common in younger people and can be muscles, tendons, fibrous tissues, bone, and cartilage.

Sarcomas

Recklinghausen disease;
-genetic disorder of the __ system
-can show up as pigmented spots on skin
-is a __ and __ growing disease

nervous - benign - slow

Farming pesticides, RT after 10 year latency period, and Alkylating agents can all cause in increase in risk for bone and soft tissue __.

Sarcomas

There are __ different types of soft tissue Sarcomas.

70

__ __ Sarcomas include malignant fibrous histiosarcomas, liposarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and osteosarcomas and are common in __.

Soft Tissue - adults

__ Sarcomas include rabdomyosarcomas, Ewing's sarcomas, and hasteosarcomas and are common in __.

Bone - children

__ grade is very important in evaluating the aggressiveness of Sarcomas. Grade is dependent on differentiation, cellularity, cells in mitosis, pleomorphism of cells, and the presence of __.

Histologic - necrosis

Signs and symptoms of sarcomas include;
-mild __.
-mild soft tissue __.
-palpable mass.

pain - swelling

Diagnosing Sarcomas;
-CT done of chest and bone to look for __.
-MRI done to distinguish abnormal and normal __.
-PET done for __.

metastasis - tissue - staging

For __ __ Sarcomas the tumor location, size, metastasis, and lymph node involvement stages the disease.

Soft tissue

For __ Sarcomas the grade of the tumor is what stages the disease.

Bone

A high grade Sarcoma greater than __ cm has a 50% chance of reoccurrence and a high grade Sarcoma less than __ cm has a 90% cure rate.

5 - 2

Sarcoma 5 year survival rates;
-Stage 1 = __%
-Stage 2 = __%
-Stage 3 = __-__%
-Stage 4 = <__%

90 / 70 / 20-50 / 20

A patient has the best chance to survive a Sarcoma when it is in their __.

extremities

What is the 5 year survival rate for Retroperitoneal Sarcoma?

40-60%

Only 10% of __ __ Sarcomas spread through the lymph nodes. They usually spread through the __.

Soft tissue - blood

60% of __ __ Sarcomas arise in the extremities. __ extremities are more commonly affected than __ extremities.

Soft tissue - Lower - Upper

The only treatment done for low grade Soft Tissue Sarcomas is a complete __ excision. Which is the best option for Low and High grade Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

surgical

What three treatments can be done for high grade Soft Tissue Sarcomas?

Chemo - RT - Surgery

What is the primary Chemo agent used to treat high grade Soft Tissue Sarcomas?

doxorubicin

Osteosarcomas are most common in the __ decade of life and at age __+. They also affect __ American men the most.

second (10-20) / 65 - African

__ are the most common form of bone cancer and are a Malignant tumor usually arising in the bone that are characterized by bone or osteoid production.

Osteosarcomas

__ __ are specific to Osteosarcomas and are primary disease in the same bone but no connected and are most common in __ grade tumors.

Skip Mets - high

Treatments for Osteosarcomas;
-RT can be considered with __ grade disease.
-Chemo - Limp Sparing Surgery - more Chemo.
-__-__% of patients undergo limb sparing surgery.
-__% of osteosarcomas are cured.
-reoccurrence is __-__%.
-overall survival rate one it has metastasized is __%.

high / 80-90 / 75 / 5-10 / 20

Indications for Amputation for Osteosarcomas;
-it is the only way to remove all malignant __
-when amputation would be more functional than limb sparing
-when patient can't undergo __ for limb sparing.
-when __ is at high risk.

disease - rehab - reoccurrence

Ewing's Sarcoma;
-is a rare tumor of __ mainly in adolescents.
-is usually in the mid-shaft or __ of the bone.
-is most common in the __ decade of life.
-accounts for __% of all bone cancers.

bone - diaphysis - first - 16

Ewing's Sarcoma has small round __ cells and Osteosarcomas have __ cells.

blue - spindled

Treatment for Ewing's Sarcoma;
-Chemo
-__% of patients get limb sparing surgery
-RT is limited in young patients because of secondary cancers and stunting __.
-RT can be used for __ treatment, local control, and unresponsive diease.

70 - growth - palliative

__ are the second most common form of bone cancer and the most common bone disease in adults. It accounts for more than __% of bone cancers.

Chondrosarcomas - 40

The common age range for diagnosis of Chondrosarcomas is __-__.

40-75

Grade 1 & 2 of Chondrosarcoma have an __-__% 5 year survival. For Grade 3 it is __%.

80-90 / 29

Treatment for Chondrosarcomas;
-RT for __ grade.
-Chemo has no __.
-Surgery is the preferred primary treatment.

high - benefit

Late reoccurrence of __ is greater than all other bone diseases/cancers.

Chondrosarcomas