Grade 12 Biochemistry - Functional Groups

carbon chains

Carbon atoms that form a backbone.

Functional Groups

chemical groups attached to carbon skeletons that give compounds their functionality

Hydroxyl Group Properties (-OH)

Polar, Hydrophilic

Carboxyl group Properties (-COOH)

release H+ therefore they are considered acidic.

Carbonyl group Properties (C=O)

Polar (Aldehyde and Ketone)

Aldehyde

An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.

Ketone

An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.

Amino group Properties (-NH2)

Has 1 N atom attached by covalent bonds to 2 H atoms. They can remove H+ so they are weak bases.

Phosphate Group Properties (-PO4)

Release H+ = acidic.

Sulfhydryl Group Properties (-SH)

Polar, consists of S atom, involved in protein structures

Methyl group Properties (-CH3)

Non polar covalent bond, has the ability to make any compound attached hydrophobic