ANATOMY OF IMPRESSIONS AND CASTS

facial skeleton comprised of how many bones

14

maxillary facial skeleton forms portions of

ant cheek

palate

nasal cavity

orbit

alveolar process

maxillary sinus

mandibular facial skeleton forms

TMJ

muscles of mastication

alveolar process

facial muscles include

muscles of:

facial expression

mastication

floor of the mouth

muscles of facial expression

alters shape and functionality of lips

folds between alveolar ridges and soft tissue

examples of muscles of facial expression

modiolus

mentalis

buccinator

orbicularis oris

modiolus

convergence of several muscles at convergence of mouth

opening/closing lips

frowning/smiling

orbicularis oris

arises from medial maxilla and mandible

inserts into mucous membrane of lips

closes mouth

compresses lips against teeth

protrudes lips

mentalis

contracts skin of chin

raises/lowers labial sulcus

bone resorption

buccinator

compresses cheek against teeth

attached to lateral aspects of mand and max alveolar processes and to the pterygomandibular raphe

attachment forms vestibular sulci

muscles of mastication

all attach and move the mandible

chewing

opening/closing of the mouth

example of muscle of mastication

masseter

masseter

elevates and protrudes mandible

when teeth clenched, anterior border bulges into posterior aspect of vestibular sulcus

when tongue is raised,

floor of the mouth also raises up which decreases the depth of the lingual sulcus

examples of floor of the mouth muscles

mylohyoid muscle

mylohyoid muscle

creates boundary between floor of mouth and superficial neck structures

courses from internal mandible to hyoid bone

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

primary sensory nerve to the face

branches of ________________ is primary artery to the face

external carotid artery

CN V2

maxillary division

covers maxillary teeth and gingiva; palate

CN V3

mandibular division

covers mandibular teeth and gingiva; tongue and floor of mouth

oral cavity is not in isolation

it is continuous posteriorly with oropharynx

1. palatoglossal fold / arch

2. palatopharyngeal fold / arch

3. palatine tonsils

oral cavity is split into

oral vestibule

oral cavity proper

oral vestibule

space between teeth and inner mucosal lining of lips and cheeks

variable depth

oral cavity proper

space between upper and lower dental arches where tongue typically occupied

structures of oral vestibule

vestibular sulcus/fold

mucolabial sulcus/fold

mucobuccal sulcus/fold

max & mand labial frenula (frena)

lateral (buccal) frenum

structures of oral cavity proper

retromolar fossa/triangle

retromolar pad

retromylohyoid fossa

mylohyoid fossa/groove

hard palate (incisive papilla; palatal rugae; palatal raphe)

soft palate (uvula)

maxillary tuberosity

hamular notch

vibrating line

palatine fovea

vestibular sulcus/fold

reflection of mucous membrane of lip or cheek back onto alveolar bone as alveolar mucosa

as mucosa ascends to the alveolar crest,

it becomes firmly attached to the bone as gingiva

mucolabial sulcus/fold

anterior portion

between lip and alveolar mucosa

mucobuccal sulcus/fold

posterior portion

between cheek and alveolar mucosa

max & mand labial frenula (frena)

free edged fold of mucous membrane with variable length

midline

run from inner lip aspect towards central incisors

overly large frenula can

create a space between the central incisors

large lower frenula may

tug on labial gingiva

can cause ginigival recession

lateral (buccal) frenula

variable

extend from buccal mucosa to alveolar mucosa

retromolar fossa or triangle

depression between the anterior border of the ramus and temporal crest (internal oblique crest)

retromolar pad

soft tissue overlying the retromolar fossa

retromylohyoid fossa

anatomical depression medial (lingual) to the retromolar pad

mylohyoid fossa (groove)

depression on medial aspect of mandible

1. path of nerve and artery to mylohyoid

2. begins near lingula of mandible

3. will travel below attachment of the mylohyoid muscle

   1. mylohyoid line (ridge)

hard palate

separates the nasal cavity above from the oral cavity below

oral surface covered with oral mucosa

1. tightly bound to underlying bone

incisive papilla

behind maxillary central incisors

palatal rugae

parallel transverse ridges radiating laterally from incisive papilla

palatal raphe

midline posterior seam

soft palate

moveable posterior 1/3 of palate

uvula

posterior end of soft palate

midline pendulous projection

maxillary tuberosity (tubercle)

rounded elevation distal to last maxillary molar

hamular notch

AKA pterygomaxillary notch

where maxilla meets medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

1. medial pterygoid plate ends inferiorly as the hamulus

vibrating line

imaginary line across posterior aspect of palate

1. divides immovable and movable portions

palatine fovea

small depression between hard and soft palate

opening of common collecting ducts of minor palatine glands

inconsistent