Topic = factions (interest groups); minority factions controlled by majority; majority faction controlled by greater size
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Federalist 51 - James Madison
Argues that separation of powers within the national government is the best way to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of one person or a single group.
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Brutus 1 - Anti federalists
\-new constitution gives the federal government WAY too much power \n -country is too large to be managed \n effectively this way \n -The Supremacy Clause & Necessary & Proper Clause will give the federal government uncontrollable power! \n -need a direct gov (participatory gov) \n -real Repub. comes from people (not reps)
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Elite democracy
A political system in which the privileged classes acquire the power to decide by a competition for the people's votes and have substantial freedom between elections to rule as they see fit.
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Pluralist democracy
a model of democracy that stresses vigorous competition among various interests in a free society
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Participatory democracy
a theory of democracy that holds that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives
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Federalism
A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
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Separation of powers
the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
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Popular Sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
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John Locke
17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
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Thomas Hobbes
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
"Social Contract" he explained an ideal society where each community member would vote on issues and majority would become one law.
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Unitary System
A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government
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Confederal system
A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government
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Federal system
A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments
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Amendment Process
The Constitution provides that an amendment may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the State legislatures.
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5th amendment
Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination
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6th amendment
The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person
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4th amendment
Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure
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8th amendment
no cruel or unusual punishment
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10th amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
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Supremacy Clause
Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.
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necessary and proper clause
constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers
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Great Compromise
Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house
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3/5th compromise
allowed slaves to be counted as 3/5ths of a person towards representation and taxation
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