A&P 2: Mod 9_ Fluids QUESTIONS practice quiz

Coffee has a pH of 5. Does that make it an acid or a base?

acid

All the following are true of ADH, except __________.

stimulates thrist

stimulates water conservation by the kidneys

, Not Selected

is secreted by the neurohypophysis

, Not Selected

activates the RAA systemactivates the RAA system

activates the RAA system

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that _______________.

A and B only

, Not Selected

anabolizes carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid

, Not Selected

Incorrect answer:

catabolizes carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water

anabolizes hydrogen ions and bicarbonate into carbonic acid

, Not Selected

Results for question 4.

.anabolizes carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid

The principal cation in the extracellular fluid is ________.

Correct answer:

sodium

magnesium

, Not Selected

chloride

, Not Selected

potassium

sodium

ADH does all the following, except _______________.

Correct answer:

is secreted by the adenohypophysis

increases thirst

, Not Selected

is secreted to correct hypotension

, Not Selected

stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys

is secreted by the adenohypophysis

A patient presents in the emergency room with severe dehydration due to a recent bout of food poisoning.

Their breathing rate is depressed, and their blood work shows that their pH & bicarbonate levels (HCO3-) are both elevated.

Based on this patient's symptoms, which kind of pH disorder does this patient have?

Respiratory alkalosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

, Not Selected

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Which kind of fluid does the body have the highest volume of?

Blood plasma

, Not Selected

Cerebrospinal fluid

, Not Selected

Interstitial fluid

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

Intracellular fluid (cytosol)

Intracellular fluid (cytosol)

Which of these statements about bases is true?

A solution with a pH of 6.4 is slightly basic.

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

Bases make the pH of a solution get higher.

Bases release H+ ions when they are in water.

Bases make the pH of a solution get higher.

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, all the following will occur, except _____________________.

Correct answer:

kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions

kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions

, Not Selected

urine becomes more acidic

, Not Selected

kidneys retain bicarbonate ions

kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions

True or false:

Proteins are higher in extracellular fluid than in intracellular fluid or plasma.

True

Correct answer:

False

False

Bleach has a pH of 9.5. Does that make it an acid or a base?

Correct answer:

A base

An acid

Base

When pure water is consumed,

the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall

the volume of the ECF decreases

, Not Selected

a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases

osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall

A person with a pH of 7.25 would _________________.

be dead

, Not Selected

have a normal pH

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

have acidosis

be alkalotic

have acidosis

The chemical phosphate and protein buffering systems are both amphoteric.

Correct answer:

True

False

true

Aldosterone is associated with all the following, except ____________________.

is secreted in response to elevated levels of blood potassium

, Not Selected

is part of the RAAS

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

helps decrease blood volume

stimulates water conservation by the kidneys

helps decrease blood volume

Sodium (Na+)

Correct answer:

is

an example of an electrolyte.

It is more concentrated

Correct answer:

outside of

our body's cells

is; outside of

Renin release is triggered by all the following, except

hypotension

, Not Selected

low plasma sodium

, Not Selected

sympathetic activation

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

high plasma potassium

high plasma potassium

The hormone that most strongly stimulates thirst is __________.

ACE

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

angiotensin II

ADH

, Not Selected

renin

angiotensin II

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by _________.

Correct answer:

the kidneys

buffers

, Not Selected

the liver

, Not Selected

the feces

the kidneys

Which chemical buffer system occurs in both ICF and ECF?

carbonic acid-bicarbonate

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

protein

phosphate

, Not Selected

metabolic

protein

Sever kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis) often leads to ______________________.

metabolic alkalosis

, Not Selected

respiratory alkalosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

metabolic acidosis

respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is secreted by the ______________.

kidney

, Not Selected

liver

, Not Selected

pancreas

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

lungs

lungs

If a person had a pH of 6.4 would

Incorrect answer:

have slight alkalosis

have a normal pH

, Not Selected

have slight acidosis

, Not Selected

be dead

Be dead

Substances that can carry electrical currents across cell membranes are called ________.

Correct answer:

electrolytes

osmoregulators

, Not Selected

buffers

, Not Selected

electrons

electrolytes

suppose a patient has respiratory alkalosis.

Before their body undergoes compensation to correct this condition, their bloodwork would show:

High pH

low blood co2

normal plasa biocarbonate (HCO3)

Which hormone(s) is(are) released by the heart muscle in response to excessive blood volume?

ADH

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

natriuretic peptides

PTH

, Not Selected

aldosterone

natriuretic peptides

What does it mean that lactic acid is an acid?

Correct answer:

It releases H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

It is hydrophobic, so it will not dissolve in water.

, Not Selected

It absorbs H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

, Not Selected

It helps to conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water.

It releases H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

All are associated with secretion of potassium in the urine, except _________.

hypertension

, Not Selected

could cause hypokalemia

, Not Selected

reabsorption of sodium

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

absence of aldosterone

absence of aldosterone

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

limit pH changes caused by organic and lactic acids

The water retaining hormones are __________________.

Correct answer:

ADH, Aldosterone & Angiotensin II

Renin, ACE & Aldosterone

, Not Selected

ANP, ADH & Renin

, Not Selected

Aldosterone, ADH & Angiotensin I

ADH, Aldosterone & Angiotensin II

A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk of __________.

metabolic acisosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

, Not Selected

metabolic alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

Renal buffering is mostly dependent on changes in _____________ concentrations.

phosphate

, Not Selected

proteins

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

bicarbonate

carbonic acid

bicarbonate

ADH

stimulates water intake

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

angiotensin II

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

ADH

ANP

, Not Selected

epinephrine

ADH

Which hormone(s) is(are) released by the heart muscle in response to excessive blood volume?

ADH

, Not Selected

aldosterone

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

natriuretic peptides

PTH

natriuretic peptides

Which of the following descriptions best fit the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Consequence of COPD

, Not Selected

Consequence of tissue hypoxia

, Not Selected

Consequence of prolonged vomiting

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

Consequence of hyperventilation

Consequence of hyperventilation

The chemical intracellular and urine buffer system is the ________________ buffer system.

Correct answer:

phosphate

carbonic acid - bicarbonate

, Not Selected

renal

, Not Selected

amino acid

phosphate

Which of the following hormones does ANP inhibit?

Renin

, Not Selected

ADH

, Not Selected

Aldosterone

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

All the above

All the above

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained,

the osmolarity of the ECF falls

, Not Selected

both the ECF and ICF become more dilute

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF

there is an increase in the ICF bolume

osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF

Which chemical buffer system is limited to the ICF and urine?

potassium

, Not Selected

carbonic acid-bicarbonate

, Not Selected

protein

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

phosphate

phosphate

A person with a pH of 7.25 would _________________.

be alkalotic

, Not Selected

be dead

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

have acidosis

have a normal pH

have acidosis

A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk of __________.

metabolic acisosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

, Not Selected

respiratory acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone _________________.

ANP

, Not Selected

calcitonin

, Not Selected

aldosterone

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

PTH

PTH

PTH = Allows glomerular reabsorption of calcium

Aldosterone = Release is triggered by high plasma potassium

Renin = Release is triggered by sympathetic nervous system activation

ACE = Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

ADH = Triggers the synthesis of aquaporin in collecting ducts

The intracellular and extracellular chemical buffer system is the ___________ buffer system.

phosphate

, Not Selected

carbonic acid-bicarbonate

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

protein

respiratory

Protein

Hyperventilation leads to ___________.

Correct answer:

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

, Not Selected

metabolic alkalosis

, Not Selected

metabolic acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

The hormone that most strongly stimulates thirst is __________.

ACE

, Not Selected

renin

, Not Selected

ADH

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

angiotensin II

angiotensin II

A person with a pH of 7.25 would _________________.

have a normal pH

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

have acidosis

be dead

, Not Selected

be alkalotic

have acidosis

The normal pH range for the human body starts at

Correct answer:

7.35

and ends at

Correct answer:

7.45

.

If a patient's blood had a pH of

Correct answer:

8.0

, this would be consideralkalosis.

If a patient's blood had a pH of

Correct answer:

7.0

, this would be consideredacidosis.

What does it mean that sodium is an electrolyte?

Correct answer:

It helps to conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water.

It is hydrophobic, so it will not dissolve in water.

, Not Selected

It releases H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

, Not Selected

It absorbs H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

It helps to conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water.

About two-thirds of the body fluid is in the _________.

interstitium

, Not Selected

ECF

, Not Selected

plasma

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

ICF

ICF

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by _________.

the liver

, Not Selected

the feces

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

the kidneys

buffers

the kidneys

All the following stimulate thirst, except ___________.

Correct answer:

a decrease in osmolarity of the ECF

salt intake

, Not Selected

angiotensin II

, Not Selected

drying of the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx

a decrease in osmolarity of the ECF

When an individual is dehydrated, the water in their cells moves from

Correct answer:

intracellular fluid (cytosol)

into

Correct answer:

extracellular fluid

Prolonged vomiting can result in _________.

metabolic acidosis

, Not Selected

respiratory acidosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

metabolic alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

Egg whites have a pH of 8. Does that make them an acid or a base?

Correct answer:

A base

An acid

base

When an individual is experiencing water intoxication, the water in their cells move from

Correct answer:

extracellular fluid

into

Correct answer:

intracellular fluid (a.k.a. cytosol)

The chemical phosphate and protein buffering systems are both amphoteric.

true

An unconscious person has a pH of 7.52 with a decreased CO2 level and a normal HCO3. This patient is suffering from ___________________.

metabolic alkalosis

, Not Selected

metabolic acidosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

Hypoventilation leads to:

Correct answer:

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

, Not Selected

Metabolic acidosis

, Not Selected

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

A person with COPD will exhibit signs of ______.

acute respiratory acidosis

, Not Selected

chronic respiratory alkalosis

, Not Selected

acute respiratory alkalosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

chronic respiratory acidosis

chronic respiratory acidosis

ADH release is triggered by all the following, except ________________.

increased sodium

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

hypertension

increased osmolarity

, Not Selected

decreased plasma volume

hypertension

Red wine has a pH of 3.0. Does that make it an acid or a base?

A base

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

An acid

acid

exchange between the two main subdivision of the ECF occurs primarily at the _________________.

Correct answer:

capillaries

muscles

, Not Selected

tissues

, Not Selected

heart

capillaries

When a person has edema, where is the excess body water located?

In blood plasma

, Not Selected

In both intracellular fluid & interstitial fluid

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

In interstitial fluid

In intracellular fluid

In interstitial fluid

Hypoventilation =respiratory acidosis

Hyperventilation = respiratory alkalosis

When an individual is dehydrated, the water in their cells moves from

intracellular fluid (cytosol)

into

extracellular fluid

Which kind of fluid does the body have the highest volume of?

Cerebrospinal fluid

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

Intracellular fluid (cytosol)

Blood plasma

, Not Selected

Interstitial fluid

Intracellular fluid (cytosol)

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

ANP

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

aldosterone

ACTH

, Not Selected

ADH

aldosterone

When pure water is consumed,

a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases

, Not Selected

the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF

, Not Selected

the volume of the ECF decreases

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall

osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall

The principal cation in the extracellular fluid is ________.

magnesium

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

sodium

chloride

, Not Selected

potassium

sodium

Sever kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis) often leads to ______________________.

respiratory alkalosis

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

metabolic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

, Not Selected

respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

Respiratory buffering is mostly dependent on changes in _____________ concentrations.

phosphate

, Not Selected

amino acids

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

carbonic acid

bicarbonate

carbonic acid

The result of renin release from the kidney will do all the following, except ________________.

trigger release of aldosterone

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

increase blood potassium

stimulate thirst

, Not Selected

increase blood pressure

increase blood potassium

A patient presents in the emergency room with severe dehydration due to a recent bout of food poisoning.

Their breathing rate is depressed, and their blood work shows that their pH & bicarbonate levels (HCO3-) are both elevated.Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Consuming a meal high in salt will ___________.

Correct answer:

result in a temporary increase in blood volume

decreases thirst

, Not Selected

activates the release of renin

, Not Selected

causes hypotension

result in a temporary increase in blood volume

The enzyme ACE _________________.

converts angiotensinogen into renin

, Not Selected

converts renin into angiotensin I

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin II

converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

All the following are components of the ECF, except _______________.

Correct answer:

macula densa

interstitium

, Not Selected

vitreous humor

, Not Selected

endolymph

macula densa

Which of the following best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis?

Correct answer:

consequence of prolonged vomiting

consequence of tissue hypoxia

, Not Selected

consequence of hyperventilation

, Not Selected

consequence of COPD

consequence of prolonged vomiting

The principal cation in the extracellular fluid is ________.

Correct answer:

sodium

chloride

, Not Selected

magnesium

, Not Selected

potassium

sodium

Hypernatremia

is the abnormal decrease in blood sodium

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

would result in too much aldosterone

would cause an abnormal increase in blood potassium

, Not Selected

would result in hypotension

would result in too much aldosterone

Suppose a patient has metabolic alkalosis.

Before their body undergoes compensation to correct this condition, their bloodwork would show:

High pH

Normal blood CO2

high plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-)

The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance in _____________.

potassium ions

, Not Selected

Correct answer:

sodium ions

proteins

, Not Selected

calcium ions

sodium ions

What does it mean that bicarbonate is a base?

Correct answer:

It absorbs H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

It releases H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

, Not Selected

It is hydrophobic, so it will not dissolve in water.

, Not Selected

It helps to conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water.

It absorbs H+ ions when it is dissolved in water.

The principal cation in the extracellular fluid is ________.

Sodium

COPD = chronic respiratory acidosis

Buffer system = carbonicacid - biocarbonate

The principal anion(s) in the extracellular fluid is ________.

Chloride

Suppose a patient has respiratory acidosis.

LOW ph

HIGH

HIGH

The majority of body fluids reside in the _______________.

ICF

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

ADH

Sever kidney damage = metabolic acidosis