state building (Africa, Asia, America) unit 1

flashcards mostly meant for active recall use in retaining info. most answers are in the form of examples, and are not sample answers you would use for a legitimate response (SAQ, DBQ, etc.)

describe how Ethiopia was so different to toher states in Africa during 1200-1450?

was a Christian state that constructed massive churches to demonstrate their wealth and religious origins. Ethiopia grew wealthy from trade in dar-al-islam and had a hierarchicle, centralized power but was less influenced by Islamic culture.

describe a prosperous state in wets-east Africa and how/why

the Hausa kingdoms, which were independent city states were wealthy from the trans Saharan trade. hierarchical society with a commercialized economy allowed them to be very prosperous, and they also voluntarily converyted to islam and were very similar to the swahili civilzation.

how were the swahili civilization and song China different or similar?

were both economically prosperous deu to trade and commercialization, both had highly structure hierarchical societies but differed with song China possessing centralized power and Swahili decentralized,

how did one state in subsaharan Africa consolidate and maintain power?

the Swahili civilzation was strategically located on the coast with access to the Indian ocean trade, trading gold, ivory, and slaves. they voluntarily converted to Islam to reap the benefits of trade and this influenced the Swahili language. they were hierarchical, placing merchants above commoners in their societies.

give one example of state-building (sea-based AND land-based) in SOUTHEAST Asia

the srivijaya empire which was known for its dominance in naval and trade power, taxing and controlling the Malacca strait, and the kmer empire, a prosperous Hindu empire that built temples such as the angor wat meant to symbolize the entire hinduist universe. after leaders converted to Buddhism, they added Buddhist statuary that showed religious syncretism

how did religion change or adapt in south & southeast Asia during 1200-1450?

1. hinduism, which experienced the bakhti movement that emphasized one god in a polytheistic culture, rejected the caste and emphasized spiritual experience was very similar to islamic sufism, which adapted to mystical and spiritual experiences and rejected the elite. they were both very similar and both promoted the access of their religion to all people. Buddhism also experiences changes around this region during 1200-1450 as it became more exclusive due to new monastic practices.

describe one example of statebuiding in south Asia during 1200-1450

The Delhi Sultanate emerged as a powerful Islamic state, consolidating control over northern India through military conquests and establishing a centralized administration. It faced challenges in imposing Islam on a predominantly Hindu society, including competition with rival Rajput kingdoms.

how did the belief systems in south and southeast Asia effect their societies

1. Hinduism emphasizing a caste-based society as an ethnic religion, while Islam influenced governance and trade becoming a religion of the elite in south asia, and Buddhism experienced a decline due to exclusivity

what were the 3 main belief systems in south and southeast Asia

1.hinduism, polytheistic, emphasizing reunition with atman and Brahman, was ethnic religion islam, monotheistic religion, and Buddhism, universalizing religion sharing similar qualities to Hinduism.

how did states in north america consolidate and maintain power?

civilzations such as the Mississippi civilzations strategically placed in a region of fertile soil for agriculture, induced a hierarchicle and centralized society with the “great sun” chiefs overseeing political and religious affairs. they also incorporated their accumulation of wealth through their mound building, acting as burial sites and symbols of status, one being their large cannokia mound

how did meso American civilizations consolidate and maintain power over their state?

The Aztec civilization showcased power through military strength and strategic marriages, while maintaining influence by integrating customs from the Maya. Their economy thrived, enabling the construction of vast infrastructure like Tenochtitlan, which supported a large population.

how were the Inca and Aztec empires similar or different?

The Inca and Aztec empires both expanded through military might and adopted customs from earlier civilizations. However, the Incas utilized the MITA labor system, while the Aztecs imposed a tributary system on conquered regions to extract resources. the Aztecs were also largely decentralized, which differed from the centralized inca empire.

how did states in south American consolidate and maintain power

the inca empire consolidated power by implementing costoms from previous civilizations, including the wari state, and maintained their power by utilizing a centralized power with a large Beaurocracry to carry out governance and labor systems, such as the MITA system, which required requisition of labor from communities for state projects.

how did the Aztec empire demonstrate continuity and innovation to previous states?

the Aztecs demonstrated continuity by adapting many of the same political and religious practices as their predecessors, such as an adoption of decentralized power and human sacrifice as part of their tributary systems in which they required tribute from neighboring states. they demonstrated innovation through the development of new agricultural techniques, including chinampas, which allowed for increased food production and supported their growing population.