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Skeleton
The body part that forms the supporting structure of an organism.
Appendicular skeleton
Composed of 126 bones in the human body, this division of the human skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs.
Axial skeleton
The portion of the human skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and the trunk.
Appendicular lower limbs
Includes the hipbone (fused ilium, ischium & pubis), lower limb girdle, thigh (femur), knee (patella), crus and ankle (tibia & fibula), proximal foot, and distal foot (tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges).
Appendicular upper limbs
Includes the upper limb girdle (clavicle & scapula), arm (brachium & humerus), forearm (antebrachium, incl. raidus & ulna), wrist, and hand (carpals,metacarpals, phalanges).
Compressive stress
Force directed toward an object.
Tensile stress
Force directed away from an object.
Combination of tensile and compressive stress
Also called shear or bending stress.
Endoskeleton
The internal support structure of an animal, composed of mineralized tissue.
Exoskeleton
External structures found in many invertebrates, enclosing and protecting soft tissues and organs.
Failure
Occurs when the force applied to a material exceeds its strength.
Resilience
The capacity of a material to recover its original shape after deformation.
