anthro list 3 full set

taxonomy

The naming and assignment of organisms to groups

law of priority

First name given to an organism is the name that must be used in the future.

law of type

species must have a type specimen that shows distinguishing features

systematics

study of biological diversity and its relationships

typological species concept

determines species by ideal type -- assumes no variation

biological species concept

defines species as groups that interbreed and produce viable offspring

paleospecies

Species defined from morpholgical fossil evidence

vestigial structures

left-over feature from ancestor

Homogolus structures

features are similar due to common ancestry

analogus structures

similar function but not ancestry

comparative anatomy

compare body structures to show shared ancestry

ontogony

study of development and growth

biogeography

Geographic distribution of species.

adaptive isolation

coming from a common ancestor, species rapidly diversify and adapt to their environment separately

phyletic (darwinism) gradualism

speciation is slow, uniform, gradual

phylogeny

classification system using evolutionary history

anagenisis

absence of branching/speciation

cladogenisis

creation of branches/speciaton

sympratic speciation

single species diverges while still interbreeding

allopatric speciation

The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another.

clade/cladogenisis

generation of a branch. implies speciation

lineage

species considerd through time

primative/derived

same features as ancestor/new features

convergent evolution

Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

parallel evolution

Two related species that have made similar evolutionary adaptations after their divergence from a common ancestor

pentadactyly

retention of five fingers five toes

tactile pads

fleshy finger pads

prehensile

grasping hands/feet/tails

olfaction

reduced snout and olfactory center in brain

rhinarium

wet nose

sexual dimorphism

size/shape differences in male and female primates

quadrupedal

four legs used for movement

punctuated equilibrium

tempo/mode

Tempo, is process fast or slow.

Mode, is it by Anagenesis or Cladogenesis.

homoplasy

The separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in different groups of organisms.