1.1.3 Cell Specialisation

What is the purpose of structural adaptations in specialized cells?

To carry out specific functions

Function of sperm cells

To fertilise an egg cell (ovum)

Leaf cells contain chloroplasts to perform…

Photosynthesis

What is the role of red blood cells in the body?

Transports oxygen

What is the primary function of a nerve cell (neuron)?

Transmit electrical signals

What is the structural adaptation of a neuron that allows it to transmit signals effectively?

• Dendrites - receives signals from other neurons, has lots of connections

• Cell Body/Soma - Contains the nucleus, processes the signals

• Axon - carries signals away from cell body to communicate with other cells

What structural adaptation allows red blood cells to transport oxygen efficiently?

• Biconcave shape

• No nucleus -

• Contains haemoglobin - a protein that has iron > binds with oxygen

How does a biconcave shape allow red blood cells to transport oxygen efficiently?

provides a large surface area for gas exchange

How does lacking a nucleus allow red blood cells to transport oxygen efficiently?

more space for haemoglobin > holds more oxygen

Cell differentiation

When a cell becomes specialised to perform a particular function

How does an unspecialised cell become specialised?

When the unspecialised cell divides, the daughter cells differentiate.

Specialised cell

A cell adapted to perform a specific function