G12 AP World History Final Exam Study Guide - Cold War and Decolonization

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and events related to the Cold War, communism, and the processes of decolonization.

What are the economic systems of Western and Eastern bloc states?

Western bloc: Capitalist market economy with private ownership; Eastern bloc: Command economy with state ownership.

What are some key causes of the Cold War?

Clash of ideologies (Capitalism vs. Communism), Soviet expansion, Truman Doctrine, nuclear arms race, and opposing military alliances.

Describe the Korean War (1950-1953).

A proxy war where the US/UN backed the South against the USSR/China-backed North, ending in a DMZ at the 38th parallel.

What was the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

It was a pivotal moment during the Cold War that brought the US and USSR to the brink of nuclear war.

What was the result of the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro?

Castro aligned Cuba with the USSR and initiated a socialist government.

What were the main impacts of British colonialism on India?

Ethnic/religious tensions, introduction of Western education, and agricultural instability due to an overemphasis on cash crops.

What led to Ghana's independence and who was its leader?

Ghana was the first UK colony to gain independence in 1957 under Kwame Nkrumah.

How did Gamal Abdel Nasser influence Egypt?

He led a Pan-Arab nationalist revolution opposing Israel and nationalized the Suez Canal.

Describe Mexico's economic nationalism post-independence.

Mexico nationalized its oil industry and implemented land redistribution.

Who was Mohandas K. Gandhi and what was his approach?

Gandhi led the Indian independence movement through nonviolent civil disobedience.

What was the relationship between the US and the Shah of Iran?

The US supported the Shah after backing his coup against PM Mossadegh, who nationalized oil.

What triggered the Islamic Revolution in Iran?

Shah's authoritarian rule and Westernization led to his overthrow and the establishment of an Islamic Republic.

Identify one consequence of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.

It led to a rise in Islamic resistance, eventually culminating in the Mujahideen uprising.

What were Gorbachev’s reforms and their impact?

Glasnost and Perestroika exposed Soviet weaknesses, contributing to the USSR's collapse.

Name one reason for the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

Collapse of Eastern European communist regimes fueled the desire for freedom and nationalism.

What happened as a result of the Iranian Revolution?

The establishment of an Islamic Republic and increased anti-Western sentiment.

What tension arose from decolonization in India?

Ethnic and religious tensions led to the Partition of India and Pakistan.

Who was Augusto Pinochet and his rise to power?

He led a CIA-backed coup in Chile overthrowing socialist Allende and prioritized US interests.

What does the term 'Iron Curtain' refer to?

The ideological and physical division between Western and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

Describe the economic policies of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua.

The Sandinistas implemented socialist policies and sought to align with the USSR.

What effect did the Dust Bowl have on migration patterns in the US?

It caused many families to migrate westward in search of better opportunities.