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Two ways to measure the ph of a solution?
An indicator
A pH probe attached to a pH meter
What is a base?
Any substance that will react with an acid to form a salt
What do you call the reaction between acids and bases?
neutralisation
What type of base is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water to form a solution
Neutralisation in terms of hydrogen ions
H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O
What are titrations used for?
To find out exactly what volume of acid or alkali is needed to neutralise a measured volume of alkali or acid.
How do you do a titration? (To find alkali)
Using a pipette and pipette filler, add a set volume of alkali to a conical flask. Add two or three drops on indicator too.
Use a funnel to fill a burette with some acid of know concentration (do this below eye level and wear goggles). Record the initial volume of the acid in the burette.
Use the burette to add the acid to the alkali slowly whilst occasionally swirling the conical flask.
The indicator changes colour when all the alkali has been neutralised.
Record the final volume of acid in the burette and use it and the initial reading, to calculate the volume of acid used to neutralise the alkali.
You should repeat the experiment a few times and the take a mean ignoring any anomalous results.
What are some indicators that should be used for titrations and why?
Phenolphthalein, litmus, methyl orange this way you can see a sudden change unlike the universal indicator.
Why are strong acids strong?
They ionise completely in water
Why are weak acids weak?
The don’t fully ionise in solution
Note 
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