Chapter 6: The Human Population and Its Impact
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28 Terms
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Births
Fertility
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Deaths
Morality
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Crude birth rate
live births/1000/year
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Crude death rate
deaths/1000/year
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Fertility rate
Number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
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Replacement-level fertility rate
The average number of children a couple must have to replace themselves
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Total fertility rate (TFR)
average number of children born to a women
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Life expectancy
The average number that an individual is likely to live
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Infant mortality rate
Number of live births that die in the first year
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Demographic transition
First death rate decline and then the birth rate declines
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Preindustrial
The population grows slowly and has a high death and birth rate
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Transitional
The population grows rapidly and the birth rate is high
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Industrial
Population growth slows as both birth and death rates drop because of improved food production, health, and education
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Postindustrial
Population growth levels off and then declines as birth rates equal and the fall below death rates
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Cultural carrying capacity
the number and type of a given species that people will tolerate over time
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Population change
(births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)
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Crude birth rate
The number of live birth's per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
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Crude death rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
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Fertility rate
Number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
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Replacement-level fertility rate
The average number of children a couple must have to replace themselves
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Infant mortality rate
Number of live births that die in the first year
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Preindustrial
The population grows slowly and has a high death and birth rate.
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Transitional
The population grows rapidly and the birth rate is high. Death rate drops.
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Industrial
Population growth slows as both birth and death rates drop because of improved food production, health, and education
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Postindustrial
Population growth levels off and then declines as birth rates equal and the fall below death rates
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Demographic transition
First death rate declines and then the birth rate declines.
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years.
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Family Planning
Provides educational and clinical services that help couples choose how many children they want to have and when to have them
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