Chapter 6: The Human Population and Its Impact

Births

Fertility

Deaths

Morality

Crude birth rate

live births/1000/year

Crude death rate

deaths/1000/year

Fertility rate

Number of children born to a woman during her lifetime

Replacement-level fertility rate

The average number of children a couple must have to replace themselves

Total fertility rate (TFR)

average number of children born to a women

Life expectancy

The average number that an individual is likely to live

Infant mortality rate

Number of live births that die in the first year

Demographic transition

First death rate decline and then the birth rate declines

Preindustrial

The population grows slowly and has a high death and birth rate

Transitional

The population grows rapidly and the birth rate is high

Industrial

Population growth slows as both birth and death rates drop because of improved food production, health, and education

Postindustrial

Population growth levels off and then declines as birth rates equal and the fall below death rates

Cultural carrying capacity

the number and type of a given species that people will tolerate over time

Population change

(births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)

Crude birth rate

The number of live birth's per 1,000 people in a population in a given year

Crude death rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year

Fertility rate

Number of children born to a woman during her lifetime

Replacement-level fertility rate

The average number of children a couple must have to replace themselves

Infant mortality rate

Number of live births that die in the first year

Preindustrial

The population grows slowly and has a high death and birth rate.

Transitional

The population grows rapidly and the birth rate is high. Death rate drops.

Industrial

Population growth slows as both birth and death rates drop because of improved food production, health, and education

Postindustrial

Population growth levels off and then declines as birth rates equal and the fall below death rates

Demographic transition

First death rate declines and then the birth rate declines.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years.

Family Planning

Provides educational and clinical services that help couples choose how many children they want to have and when to have them