lang ch. 1/2 vocab

concession

an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable (should be followed by refutation supporting your argument)

ethos

character; appealing to strong character traits/ethics/morals and proving that you are credible and trustworthy/the right person to be making the argument (who you are and what you say)

pathos

suffering/experience; empathy. appealing to emotions through playing on desires, hopes, values OR fears/prejudices; this is basically propaganda (using personal anecdotes too)

logos

embodied thought; this is facts/statistics/data that help you make a logical argument (appealing to reason)

persona

the face or character that the speaker shows to their audience (greek for mask)

polemic

hostile; an argument that tries to establish its superiority over others (not giving any concessions)

rhetoric

the art of finding ways to persuade an audience

rhetorical/aristotelian triangle

the interrelationship between the speaker, audience, and subject in a text

SOAPS

subject, occasion, audience, purpose, speaker (elements that make up the rhetorical situation)

text

any cultural product that can be read

anaphora

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases/clauses/lines

antimetabole

repetition of words in reverse order

antithesis

opposition/contrast of ideas or words in parallel construction

asyndeton

omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words (run ons)

hortative sentence

sentence that implores or calls to action

cumulative sentence

sentence that builds/adds on to the already completed idea at the beginning of a sentence

inversion

inverted order of words in a sentence (ex: there is little we CANNOT do with this at our disposal. Without this there is little we CAN do)

parallelism

similarity of structure in a pair/series of related words, phrases, or clauses

periodic sentence

a sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end

synedoche

a figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole

zeugma

use of two different words in a gramatically similar way that produces different and often incongruous/inharmonious meanings