Principles of Ultrasound by James Harcus

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, facts, and definitions related to the principles of ultrasound as discussed in the lecture by James Harcus.

What is the primary function of ultrasound in medical imaging?

To create images of the inside of the body using high-frequency sound waves.

What are common types of resolution in ultrasound imaging?

Spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and temporal resolution.

How does frequency affect spatial resolution in ultrasound?

Higher frequency results in smaller wavelength, which leads to better spatial resolution.

What is the principle of the Doppler effect in ultrasound?

It measures changes in frequency of sound waves as they relate to the motion of blood flow.

What is attenuation in the context of ultrasound?

The reduction in intensity and amplitude of the ultrasound beam as it travels through tissue.

What are the five main processes of beam attenuation?

Absorption, reflection, scattering, refraction, and divergence.

What does ALARA stand for and its significance in ultrasound?

As Low As Reasonably Achievable; it refers to minimizing patient exposure to ultrasound.

What is cavitation in ultrasound?

Formation of microbubbles due to wave oscillation that can collapse and cause tissue damage.

List some factors affecting contrast resolution in ultrasound imaging.

Frequency of the ultrasound, machine design, and processing capabilities.

What are artifacts in ultrasound imaging?

Unexpected structures or misrepresentations in the image caused by machine assumptions or operator errors.