1/24
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
how body immunne system kills bacteria
1. white blood cell; 2. phagocyte; 3. engulf 4. digest 5. lymphocyte; 6. antibody bond to antigen;
bile - alkaline
secreted into the small intestine - neutralises the acidic conditions from the stomach to provide a suitable pH for enzymes to work at. It also emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area so enzymes can digest them more quickly
villi adapted to absorb glucose
large surface area; 2. microvilli ; 3. capillaries; 4. capillaries for concentration gradient 5. one cell thick wall 6. diffusion; 7. active transport;
variation/ resistant qs
1. variation 2. mutation 3. survive 4. reproduce 5. pass on gene 6. process continues over time
anaerobic respiration
2. less oxygen; 3. lactic acid / low pH; 4. denatures enzymes; 5. less energy
mouth digestion
1. amylase; 2. starch; 3. glucose; 4. physical digestion
why cells do not store glucose
soluble, osmotic effect
reflex arc
receptor
sensory neurone
impulse
CNS
synapse
relay neurone
motor neurone
effector
contract;
general enzyme function
specific
catalysts
successful collisions
active ate
enzyme and substrate fit together in complementary shape
optimum temperature and pH
carbohydrate use in plants
cellulose cell wall
starch for energy, attract insects
sickle cell anaemia
mutation
change in base sequence in gene for meoglobin
inherit recessive allele
produce abnormal hemoglobin
red blood cells have sickle shape
less oxygen because of sickle cell
abnormal hemoglobin
carries less oxygen
red blood cells are sickle shaped
stick together
fewer red blood cells
mechanical digestion
break food into smaller pieces
by teeth
increase surface area
for enzymes
speeds up chemical digestion
easier to swallow
transpiration
water evaporates from surface of mesophyll cells
water vapour diffuses through stomata out of the leaf
structure of xylem
strong cell wall
lignin - prevent collapse and waterproofing
dead cells - little resistance
epidermis adaptation
transparent - allow light to pass through
thin
stomata - gas exchange
palisade mesophyll adaptation
many chloroplasts
tightly packed
auxin
produced in shoot tip
diffuse down the stem
collect in the side away from light
stimulates greater cell elongation there
root hair cells
long and thin
thin cell wall
large surface area for absorption
against concentration gradient
require energy
many mitrochondria
water from root hair → stomata
water moves up xylem
water moves into leaf by osmosis
loss of water from lead by evaporation
impulses transmit across synapse
neurotransmitters in and diffuse across synaptic cleft
binds with recceptor
results in an impulse
insulin role
hormone
controls blood sugar concentration
stimulates liver
absorb sugar from blood
stimulate production of glycogen in cells
reduce concentration of glucose in blood
sexual reproduction in flowers
genetic variation
mutations to be exressed
adaption to new conditions
alleles from different parents
cross pollination
colonise new area
less competition
survive
self pollination ads
greater chance of fertilisation
less pollin waste
only one plant needed
greater chance of pollination
pass adapted alleles to offspring
hole in heart/ single circulatory system less efficient
mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated
less oxygenated blood to respiring cells
less aerobic respiration
less energy released
less growth