anatomy test flashcards

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

• Single row of flat cells w/ flat nuclei (S)

• Allows rapid diffusion of substances, secretes serous fluid (F)

• Found in alveoli (lungs), walls of capillaries, lines the inside of blood vessels (L)

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

• Single row of cube-shaped cells, w/ round nuclei in the center of the cell (B)

• Absorption and Secretion, production of mucus (F)

• Found in ovaries, ducts of liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary + other glands, most kidney tubules (L)

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• Single row of tall, narrow cells w/ oval nuclei in the lower part of the cell, have microvilli (shorter+organized) (S)

• Absorption and Secretion of mucus (goblet cells) (F)

• Lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney, uterine tubes (L)

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

• Single row of cells, not all reaching the top, have cilia (longer+disorganized) and goblet cells (S)

• Trap and Remove Dust (F)

• Respiratory system (L)

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

• Multilayered epithelium w/ rounded surface that usually start and end round (S)

• Stretches to allow filling of urinary tract (F)

• Urinary tract- kidney, ureter, bladder (L)

APOCRINE GLAND

• Portion of the cell is pinched off and lost (top of the cell with some stuff)

• EX: mammary gland

MEROCRINE GLAND

• Stuff is secreted through exocytosis (only released stuff)

• EX: sweat glands, salivary glands

HOLOCRINE GLAND

• Entire cells filled with secretory products break up (the whole cell + stuff is released)

• EX: sebaceous glands of skin

SKELETAL MUSCLE

• Long, cylindrical, unbranched cells with striations, multiple nuclei beneath cell membrane (S)

• Contract voluntary muscles (meaning they move the skeleton, face, maintain posture) (F)

• Voluntary muscles, connected to bones (L)

SMOOTH MUSCLE

• Spindle shaped, short cells; non-striated w/ one central nucleus (S)

• Moves involuntary muscles (swallowing, GI tract, labor contractions, hair erection, pupil movement) (F)

• Walls of hollow organs (L)

CARDIAC MUSCLE

• Short branched cells with striations and intercalated discs; one central nuclei per cell, turns into scar tissue when damaged (S)

• Pumps blood to and from the heart (F)

• The heart (L)

LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE (AREOLAR TISSUE)

• Loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers, scattered cell types and abundant ground substances (S)

• Supports, binds, cushions (F)

• Underlying all epithelia, passageway for nerves and blood vessels, between muscle (L)

DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• densely packed, parallel collagen fibers, very few compressed fibroblast nuclei, and little open space (S)

• tendons and ligaments hold bones together, and attach muscles to bones (F)

• bones/muscles (L)

DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• densely packed collagen fibers running in random directions; little open space; few visible cells (S)

• withstands stresses applied in different directions (F)

• deeper portion of skin, capsules around organs (L)

ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• large, empty looking cells with thin margins, nucleus pressed against cell membrane (S)

• Energy storage, insulation, space filled as cushioning (F)

• in the dermis (hypodermis) and surrounding organs (L)

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

• Chondrocytes in lacunae (S)

• maintain shape and flexibility (F)

• External ear and epiglottis (L)

FIBROCARTILAGE

• extensive collagen fibers, very tough (S)

• tensile strength, shock absorber (F)

• intervertebral discs (L)

HYALINE CARTILAGE

• clear, glassy, chondrocytes in lacunae, elastic fibers (S)

• support (F)

• trachea, bronchi, larynx, ends of bones (L)

BONE

• calcified matrix in concentric lamellae (those rings), around Haversian canal containing blood vessels, osteocytes found in lacune between layla connected by canaliculi (the tubes in the matrix) (S)

• Physical support, leverage for muscles, mineral storage (F)

• The skeleton (L)

BLOOD

• Transports substances and helps maintain homeostasis (S)

• Formed elements are red and white blood cells, platelets (F)

• Blood blasma, fluid matrix (L)

NEURON

• Large neurons with long dendrites and one axon surrounded by smaller neuroglial cells which lack dendrites and axons (S)

• Used for internal communication between cells, coordination, regulation and sensory reception (F)

• Brain, spinal cord, nerves (L)

ELASTIC FIBER

• Thin branching fibers made of elastin, thinner and darker staining in pictures (S)

• Stretch and recoil like a rubber band (F)

• Skin, lungs, arteries (L)

RETICULAR FIBER

• Thin, branched collagen fibers (S)

• Form a framework for spleen and lymph nodes (F)

• The framework of spleen/lymph nodes (L)

COLLAGEN FIBER

• Grouped in parallel bundles, tough, strong, resistant to stretch, but flexible (S)

• Maintain support/strength (F)

• Tendons, ligaments, deep layer of the skin (dermis) (L)

MACROPHAGE

• Known as the big eater, comes from white blood cells (S)

• Wanders through connective tissue and consumes foreign material to activate the immune system (F)

• Connective tissue (L)

FIBROBLAST

• Only make connective tissues, kind of flat, most common type of cell in connective tissue (S)

• Secretes proteins, produces fibers and ground substance (F)

• Connective tissue (L)

MAST CELL

• Roundish (S)

• Secretes the two H’s (F)

• Near the blood cells (L)

CHONDROCYTE

• (Also known as cartilage cells) are found in small chambers (lacunae) and are completely in the matrix

HISTAMINE

• In mast cells, opens up blood vessels in an inflammatory response

HEPARIN

• In mast cells, blood thinner