AP Psychology - Memory Encoding

A set of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key concepts from the AP Psychology lecture on Memory Encoding.

Memory Encoding

The first stage of memory, where perceived information is transformed into a format that can be processed and stored in the brain.

Sensory Memory

A brief storage of sensory information; acts as a buffer for stimuli received through the senses.

Iconic Memory

A type of sensory memory that briefly holds visual images for a fraction of a second.

Echoic Memory

Sensory memory that retains auditory information for about 3-4 seconds.

Short-term Memory

Temporarily holds a small amount of information for about 15-30 seconds, typically 5-9 pieces of information.

Working Memory

A form of short-term memory that is used for temporarily holding and manipulating information.

Long-Term Memory

The stage of memory where information is stored indefinitely, with a virtually unlimited capacity.

Chunking

A memory strategy that involves grouping individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units.

Method of Loci

A mnemonic technique that involves associating items to be remembered with specific locations.

Hierarchies

An organization of information into a system of ranked categories or levels to facilitate search and recall.

Mnemonics

Techniques used to enhance memory by associating information with simple cues like patterns or vivid images.

Central Executive

The control center of working memory that manages attention.

Phonological Loop

Part of working memory that processes verbal and auditory information.

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Part of working memory that handles visual and spatial information.

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

A long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons, associated with learning.

Effortful Processing

The active work and attention required to embed information into long-term memory.

Automatic Processing

Unconscious encoding of information about space, time, and frequency.

Level of Processing Model

Proposes that the depth at which information is thought about affects how well it is remembered.

Shallow Encoding

Basic level of processing that focuses on surface characteristics of information.

Deep Encoding

Focuses on the meaning of information and connects it to existing knowledge.

Self-Reference Effect

Improvement in memory of information related to oneself.