Neural Tube Defects: A Public Health Concern

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to Neural Tube Defects, including definitions, risk factors, prevention, and treatment methods.

What are Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?

Congenital conditions arising from improper closure of the neural tube during early fetal development.

How many births are affected by NTDs worldwide?

Approximately 2 in every 1,000 births.

What are some examples of Neural Tube Defects?

Anencephaly, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis.

When does neural tube closure occur during gestation?

By day 28 of gestation.

What is one key genetic mutation related to NTDs?

PAX-3 mutation in WNT/β-Catenin signalling.

What is the prevalence of NTDs in Canada?

4.4 per 10,000 births.

Which region has the highest burden of NTDs?

Sub-Saharan Africa.

What is a major risk factor for developing NTDs?

Folate deficiency.

What is a medical treatment recommended for pregnant women at risk of NTDs?

Maternal Serum Alpha Fetoprotein Test.

What dietary supplement is recommended to reduce the risk of NTDs?

Folic Acid (400-800 µg/day).

Which lifestyle change is advised for women with Type 2 Diabetes to prevent NTDs?

Maintain glycemic control.

What percentage increase in spina bifida cases was observed in Canada from 2004 to 2015?

47% increase.

What type of intervention can reduce the risk of NTDs?

Pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy interventions.

What surgical treatment is used to repair open neural tube defects?

Prenatal Surgical Repair.

What can excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy cause?

Neural tube defects.