eyes

palpebral fissure

open space between eyelids

canthus

corner of eye, angle where lids meet

lacrimal apparatus

provides irrigation to the eye

cranial nerve 3

oculomotor

cranial nerve 4

trochlear nerve, superior oblique muscle

cranial nerve 6

abducens

sclera

tough, protective, white covering

cornea

part of refracting media of eye, bending incoming light rays so that they will be focused on inner retina

iris

constricts and dilates pupil

pupillary light reflex

normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina

fixation

a reflex direction of eye toward an object attracting a persons attention

accommodation

adaptation of eye for near vision

presbyopia

lens loses elasticity, becoming hard and glasslike

strabismus

wandering eye

diplopia

double vision

confrontation test tests cranial nerve number

2, optic

corneal light reflex

shine light on bridge of nose to see if lights equally reflected in both eyes

six cardinal fields of gaze

hold patients chin and have them follow your pen light in six different directions

how to check for cornea clarity

shine consentual light on the sides of eyes

check for accommodation by

having patient look at a distant object and checking for eyes to dilate, then have patient look at close up object and check for eye constriction

exophthalmos

protruding eyes

enophthalmos

sunken eyes

ptosis

drooping upper lid

blepharitis

inflammation of eye lid

chalazion

inflammation of oil gland on eye lid

hordeolum

inflammation of eye lash

ectropion

lower lid rolling out

entropion

lower lid rolling in

monocular blindness

when light is directed to the blind eye, no response occurs in either eye

miosis

excessive constriction of pupils

mydriasis

enlarged pupils

horners syndrome

unilateral small regular pupil

iritis

deep, dull red halo around iris and cornea

primary angle closure glaucoma

redness around the irisi, pupil is oval

subconjunctival hemorrhage

looks alarming but usually not that serious, occurs from increased intracranial pressure

pterygium

overgrowth of conjunctiva toward center of cornea, from chromic exposure to hot, dry, sandy climate

hyphema

blood in anterior chamber, results of herpes infection or blunt trauma

hypopyon

layer of white blood cells in anterior chamber of eye

optic atrophy

partial or complete death of optic nerve, disc has white to grey cover, decreased color vision

papilledema

venous statsis increased ICP, redness congestion and elevation of disc

test visual acuity

CN 2

Test visual fields

CN 2

inspect EOM function

CN 3, 4, and 6