TEAS TEST (ALLIED HEALTH)

Nucleus

houses DNA, brain of cell DNA gives the cell function

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Golgi apparatus

packaging / transport of proteins

homeostatic mechanisms

the processes that maintain homeostasis

independent variable

variable that is manipulated

dependent variable

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Where is the aorta?

left side of the heart

Synapse

Gap between neurons

Lateral

side

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body

Ventral

belly side

Lysolomes

digestion of large molecules

ribsomes

Makes proteins for the cell

Centrioles

develop fibers for cell division

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

synthesis of lipids and proteins

Where is eukaryotic DNA found?

humnas

what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Prokaryotic has no nucleus and no organelles , and Eukaryotic has a nucleus and organelles.

Plasma

Liquid part of blood

red blood cells

Carry oxygen to all body cells

Platelets

blood clotting

white blood cells

fight infection and disease

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

arteriole

small artery

capillary

connects arteries and veins

lymph

liquid that fights diseases

vena cava

where all veins get emptied

sinoatrial (SA) node

pacemaker of the heart

Venules

small veins

frontal lobe of brain

thinking , emotions, personality

parietal lobe

spelling , math , making sense

temporal lobe

memory, understanding, language

Oppicital lobe

sight

Cerebellum

Balance and coordination

Acetylcholine

causes muscles to contract

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention .

Diaphragm

sheet of muscle that serves as the main muscle of respiration/breathing process

lungs

main structure of the respiratory system

Larynx

voice box

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs

bronchi

The passages that direct air into the lungs

Pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus

Bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

pleura

Membrane surrounding the lungs

Perfusion

The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue

tidal volume

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath

residual volume

The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

Vital Capacity (VC)

amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

alveloi

small sacs of air

lipids

fats and oils

Epiglottis

Closes off the larynx during swallowing

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

main energy source that cells use for most of their work

skeletal muscle

a muscle that is connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system that moves the limbs and other parts of the body.

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

cardiac muscle

Muscle of the heart

When is ATP released?

during the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids

Where are prokaryotic cells found?

bacteria

Smooth ER

Makes lipids

Rough ER

Makes proteins

stroke

Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply.

heart attack

the death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage of one or more coronary arteries

embolus

moving blood clot

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Lipase

enzyme that breaks down fat

Amylase

enzyme that breaks down starch

Tryspin

An enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down protein molecules

what gland produces insulin ?

pancreas

exocrine glands

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead to the outside of the skin

sebaceous glands

an oily mixture of lipids and proteins , protects against pathogens , waterproofs skin

eccrine glands

glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body

apocrine glands

Sweat glands in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on the skin

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin

Merkel cells (discs)

sensory receptors

found in the epidermis - dermis junction .

mast cells

Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.

What does the dermis consist of?

blood vessels, sensory receptors, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

what is the hypodermis and what does it do ?

bottom layer of skin , insulates your body, protecting your body from harm, storing energy and connecting your skin to your muscles and bones.

What is vasodilation?

assists in thermoregulation of skin , increases blood vessel diameter ,

Testes

male gonads

vasoconstriction

assists in thermoregulation of skin, decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

Scrotum

a pouch of skin containing the testicles.

Urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Uterus

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.

Vagina

birth canal

Estrogen

Female sex hormone

Oxytocin (OT)

Stimulates contraction of the uterus and release of milk from breast.

Epididymis

stores sperm

gastric secretions

gastric acid destroys pathogens

tonsils

located in the pharyx , protects against pathogens

lymphatic system

Defense against infection and disease

spleen

filters blood

Antigen

The foreign particles or substances that trigger an immune response.

antibody

A protein that acts against a specific antigen

What cell produces antibodies?

B cells

innate immune system

defenses that humans are born with etc . skin , hair , mucus

Basophil

Alerts body of invasion

renal artery

carries blood to the kidney

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

Collagen

structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue

Cartilage

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen