Honors Biology - Unit 2: Biochemistry Check & Challenges

DNA

________ is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded.

Phospholipids

What are made up of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group? Answer with a single words or term.

Organisms

________ have ways to control pH and adapt & respond to changes in the pH of the environment.

Nucleic acids

________ are made of nucleotides, which are connected to form long chains.

Chemical reactions

________ are important in cells because they are the only way to form new molecules that the cell needs for growth and maintenance, and the making and breaking of bonds involve changes in energy.

Electrons

________ carry a negative charge, protons carry a positive charge, and neutrons carry no charge.

Proteins

________ are made by cells by linking amino acids, which are small molecules containing oxygen hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen atoms; two contain sulfur ones.

RNA

________ has a single stranded helix, while DNA is double stranded.

Carbohydrates

________ contain compounds of carbon atoms and the same two- to- one ratio as water for hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Important sugars

________ will have a phosphate group attached to the carbon skeleton.

Elements

What are made up of only one type of atom? Answer with a single words or term.

peptide bonds

More ________ may form, creating a long chain of amino acids- polypeptides.

PH

________ is important to living organisms because the ________ of a cells interior helps to regulate its chemical reactions.

smaller subatomic particles of an atom

The ________ are electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Hydrogen bonds

________ are a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a close slightly negative atom of another molecule, or possibly even the same molecule if it is large enough.

Covalent bonds

________ occur when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Genes

What are composed of DNA, which stores genetic information? Answer with a single words or term.

Ionic bonds

________ are the attraction between oppositely charged ions due to the gain or loss of electrons.

Base pairing rules

________ determine which nitrogen bases form pairs in DNA.

Covalent bonds of this kind

Any two amino acid molecules can combine when a chemical bond forms between the acid group and the amino group of both. What are called peptide bonds? Answer with a single words or term.

sequence of the opposite complementary strand

The ________ will be TCAAG.

Nucleic acids

________ containing deoxyribose form deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), while ribose forms RNA.

Chemical reactions

________ occur in the cells of all living organisms.

Electrons

Protons and neutrons remain in the nucleus, while ________ are all over the place (not in the nucleus), though they tend to stay in a negatively charged cloud around the nucleus because they are attracted to the positive charge of the protons. ________ are distributed around the cloud based on differing levels of energy /attraction (electron shells)