Holocaust 5-6

Hindenburg won

1932 presidential election

nazis won 37% of seats

1932 reichstag election

• Economy was failing

• Hitler had the popularity

• Hindenburg was naive and thought giving hitler more power would calm his radical views

• convinced they could control Hitler

• certain he would fail

why did hindenburg make Hitler his chancellor

legally

Hitler came to power___

never elected president

Hitler was ___

how our individual choices do make a difference and that decisions made in desperation are usually fruitless

Hindenburg’s fatal decision is an example of

Hitler sworn in as Chancellor

January 30, 1933

Fire at Reichstag

February 27

They took it for granted and didn’t have a plan to safeguard it

What did the German people do to democracy

not inevitable

Hitler’s rise to power was___

yes

Was Hitler and the Nazis responsive to public pressure against their policies?

allow the Chancellor to enact their own laws without the approval of the Reichstag as long as the President signed the measure

Hitler convinced Hindenburg to use provision of article 48 to ___

Suspend every part of the constitution that protects personal freedom

Issued 2 decrees. 1.___

legalized the arrest of communists and other political opponents

Issued 2 decrees 2.___

sacrificed the democratic structure

By doing that for hitler Hindenburg effectively ___ of Germany’s government

Enabling Act

March 24

enact laws which overrode the Constitution

Enabling Act allowed hitler to___

imprison anyone Hitler deemed an enemy

Enabling Act allowed hitler to___

enact laws without the consent of the Reichstag or the President

Enabling Act allowed hitler to___

Dachau, the first concentration camp opened for political prisoners

March 24

Nazis called for a nationwide boycott of Jewish businesses

April 1

apathy

how did the German people react to the boycott of Jewish businesses

it signaled to the nazis that people would also act apathetically to more extreme measures to come

why was the reaction of the german people to the boycotting of jewish businesses important

Law for the restoration of the professional standard of the civil service

April 7th

forced firing of Jews and those who were “disloyal” to the nation from government positions

what did the law for the restoration of the professional standard of the civil service do

1.6 million joined the nazi party

joined out of fear and to secure their jobs

how did the law for the restoration of the professional standard of the civil service effect those who were not jewish or deemed political opponents

Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and propaganda established

march 13th

Joseph Goebbels

leader of the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

Must follow Hitler no matter the circumstances and offered an excuse for any personal responsibility when carrying out orders

significance of oath taken to Hitler in August 1934

national community WW1

all germans regardless of class and cress, rallying cry to win the war

National community Nazi

advanced the idea of a racially pure national community united in its devotion to the German people, their nation, and their leader

reich citizenship laws and law for the protection of German blood and honor

Nuremberg laws included

stripped Jews of citizenship and right of citizenship such as voting and german passport

what did the reich citizenship laws do

prohibited sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews

what did the law for the protection of German blood and honor do

Mischlinge

half-breeds or mixed-blood

Annexation/Anschluss/Union of Austria

march 1938

Austria had many true Germans

why Annexation/Anschluss/Union of Austria

they offered a warm welcome showing that antisemitism was a popular policy for most Austrians

How did Austrians react to the Annexation/Anschluss/Union of Austria

Hitler demands Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia because it has true Germans and Hitler sought to unite ethnic Germans into one nation

summer 1938

policy of appeasement

how did world leaders react to Hitler wanting the Sudetenland

Munich Pact

october 1

gave Germany Sudetenland

Munich Pact

Kristallnacht, night of broken glass

november 9-10, 1938

perpetrator

a person carrying out harmful, illegal, or immoral act

victim

a person being targeted by the harmful, illegal, or immoral acts of a perpetrator

bystander

a person who is present but not actively taking part in a situation or event

upstander

a person speaking or acting in support of an individual or cause, partially someone who intervenes on behalf of a person being attacked or bullied. Can also include those who maintain part of their identity despite opposition

turning point for Jews who remained in Germany

1938

farced to pay extra income tax, could only take $10 with them

those who remained in Germany after 1938 faced…

other nations

what was the major roadblock for Jews trying to flee

The US had a quota system that determined how many immigrants could go into the country

The USA refugee crisis

johnson-reed act

in 1924 the us congress passed ___ revising american immigration laws around individuals national origin

northern and western europe

the johnson-reed act was based on eugenics and desirable immigrants from ___

southern snd eastern european jews

the johnson-reed act limited immigrants seen as less desirable like___

register with US consolate in germany and be put on a waiting list, get paperwork at the exact perfect time, get an american sponsor, buy a ship ticket

Requirements to enter the US

yes

was the US aware of how bad the situation was

They decided that it was a sad situation there was nothing they could do

what did world leaders decide in the Evian Conference July, 1938 in France

Congress would temporarily admit 20,000 Jewish children, children couldn’t work so it didn’t interfere with jobs, and tax payers wouldn’t pay anything

what did the Wagner Roger Bill in February, 1938 do

strong opposition

how did americans react to the Wagner Roger Bill in February, 1938

no

did the Wagner Roger Bill in February, 1938 get passed

yes

in 1938-1941 was emigration of Jewish citizens the preferred method

Hitler turned to annihilation

what happened when other countries would not accept Jewish people

Agreement between them to split Poland once war began

What did the Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact do

That regardless of the outcome of war the Jews would be annihilated

What did Hitler’s Prophet speech of January 30th, 1939 say

It was 90% german and it had access to the Baltic Sea

why did Hitler want Danzing

he believed it was an opportunity for capitalist countries to fight each other

Why did Stalin agree to the Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact

The invasion of Poland and WW2 officially begins

September 1, 1938

They needed living space for their people and viewed Polish people as sub-humans who were occupying vital land to Germany

Why invade Poland