CCMA - Foundational Knowledge

Absorption

drug enters the bloodstream after administration

Distrbution

drug is transported throughout the body via circulatory system

metabolism

body breaks down drug into smaller components

excretion

drug is eliminated from body

PCMH model

emphasis importance of shared decision making

spirometry

asses lung function by measuring volume and air flow during inhale and exhale

lorazepam

used to relieve anxiety

hydrocodone, oxycodone, morphine, codeine

narcotic medicines used to relief pain

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual period

nosocomial

disease acquired while in a healthcare setting

ischemia

restriction of the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body

necrosis

death of cells/tissue

obstructed airway

hand placed on throat

coronary artery bypass graft

CABG

Vitamin B&C

water soluble vitamins

Vitamin ADE&K

fat soluble

sign

observable by others

symptom

reported by patient

right eye

OD

left eye

OS

both eyes

OU

right ear

AD

left ear

AS

AU

both ears

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

stages of grief

two times a day

bid

active immunity

vaccines generate, developed by immune system in response to pathogen usually creating antibodies, life long

passive immunity

transferred via injections, short-term, mom passing antibodies to kids,

schedule 1

• illegal drugs

• high potential for abuse

• Ex: LSD, heroin, marijuana

• cannot be prescribed

schedule 2

• high potential for abuse

• are accepted for medical use

• highly addictive

• ex: morphine, meth, fentanyl

• only can be prescribed via authorized software and NO refills

Schedule 3

• low potential for abuse

• allowed in medical treatment

• physical addiction not as bad

• ex: codeine

Schedule 4

• lower potential for abuse

• not likely addicting

• allowed for use in medical

• ex: Xanax

Schedule 5

• lowest potential for abuse

• Ex: cough medicine with codeine

physical examination

pe

pharmacokinetics

drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

pharamcotherapeutics

how medications are used to treat medical conditions

pharmacogenomics

how an individuals genes affect responses to drugs

pharmacodynamics

how drugs affect the body

QD

on the joint commission do not use list

transdermal patch

a medicated adhesive patch placed on the skin to deliver a controlled dose of medication directly through the skin and into the blood. Avoid exercising while the patch is in use.

intramuscular

injection into muscle tissue

intra-articular

injection into the joint space

intravenous

injection into the vein

intradermal

injections beneath the skin

vitamin d

important for bone health

vitamin b

energy production & functioning of the nervous system

zinc

immune function & wound healing

iron

production of hemoglobin. important for RBCs

po

by mouth

systolic pressure

the highest level of pressure in the arteries. and is the first sound heard when taking auscultatory bp

diastolic pressure

when the heart is at rest between beats/ when the sound disappears

swishing/whooshing sound

second korotokoff sound

fat

9 cal/gram

protein

4 cal/gram (building and repairing tissue)

carbohydrates

4 cal/gram (primary energy source)

vitamin A deficiency

night blindness, dry skin, impaired immune function

vitamin B deficiency

anemia, nerve problems, skin and mucous problems

vitamin c deficiency

gum bleeding, fatigue, joint pain, lowered immunity

vitamin d deficiency

softening in bones

vitamin e deficiency

nerve and muscle problems

vitamin k deficiency

increased risk for bleeding, easy bruising

analgesics

medications that relieve pain

antibiotics

medications used to treat bacterial infections

anxiolytics

used to manage anxiety and promote relaxation

antihistamines

used to treat allergies

nocturia

excessive urination during the nightime

narcolepsy

chronic sleepiness

B12 deficiency

causes pernicious anemia

diaphoretic

profuse sweating

myocardial infarction

heart attack

cerebrovascular accident

stroke

kyphosis

exaggerated outward thoracic curvature

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of spine

lordosis

excessive inward lumbar curvature

flatback

lost lumbar lordotic curve

anorexia nervosa

extremely restricted food intake and an intense fear of gaining weight

mycosis

fungal infection (common type is candidiasis)

verrucae

warts (skin growths caused by HPV)

dermatitis

rash

nevus

mole

herpes labialis

cold sore

CT scan

requires patients to fast 4-6 hours

MRI

requires patients to remove metal objects

telemedicine

provides medical consults via internet video chat

nystagmus

involuntary eye movements

vertigo

sensation of dizziness

tinnitus

perception of sound (ringing in the ear)

NSF

no significant findings

bradycardia

<60 beats per minute

normal heart rate

60-100 beats per minute

tachycardia

>100 beats per minute

liniment

topical (lotion)

anaphylaxis

allergic reaction (adverse reaction to medication)

ascites

abnormal fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity

pneumothorax

air leaks into space between the lung and chest wall causing lung to collapse

protozoa

parasites

5ml

1 tsp

15ml

1 tbsp

petechiae

small pinpoint rashes

purpura

large purple or red discoloration