3.3_NO Taxation without REPRESENTATION!

100 flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the causes of the American Revolution.

Salutary Neglect

A British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient.

George Grenville

Prime Minister of Britain who implemented policies aimed at controlling the American colonies and raising revenue.

Navigation Acts

Laws that restricted colonial trade to Great Britain and taxed goods going through British ports.

Quartering Act

An act that required colonists to house and supply British troops in the colonies.

Sugar Act of 1764

A law that reduced taxes on imported molasses but increased enforcement of tax collection.

Currency Act of 1764

Mandated that American colonies use British currency, restricting the colonies' ability to print their own money.

Stamp Act of 1765

The first direct tax levied on the colonies, taxing paper products like newspapers and legal documents.

No taxation without representation

A slogan used by colonists to protest taxes imposed by Parliament in which they had no representatives.

Virtual Representation

Grenville's claim that Parliament represented the interests of all English subjects, regardless of their location.

Sons of Liberty

A group formed by colonial merchants and artisans to protest British policies and tax laws.

Daughters of Liberty

Women who played a crucial role in boycotting British goods and supporting colonial protests.

Committee of Correspondence

Groups formed in the colonies to share information about British actions and organize resistance.

Virginia Resolves

Resolutions passed by the Virginia House of Burgesses condemning taxation without representation.

Stamp Act Congress

A meeting of representatives from nine colonies to petition Parliament for the repeal of the Stamp Act.

Declaratory Act

An act passed by Parliament stating it had the authority to make any laws regarding the colonies.

Towns and Acts

A series of acts passed by Parliament in 1767 imposing duties on common goods like glass and paper.

Boston Massacre

An incident in 1770 where British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation.

Boston Tea Party

A protest in 1773 where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor in response to British policies.

Coercive Acts

Also known as the Intolerable Acts; a series of punitive laws passed by Britain after the Boston Tea Party.

Intolerable Acts

The name used by the colonists for the Coercive Acts, which they saw as a threat to their autonomy.

Boycott

A refusal to buy British goods as a form of protest against oppressive policies.

Imperial tyranny

The term used to describe British policies perceived as oppressive to the American colonists.

Economic hardship

The struggles faced by colonists due to harsh British taxation and control over trade.

Guerilla warfare

A form of irregular warfare used by the colonies against British forces, often employing ambush tactics.

Continental Congress

A gathering of colonial representatives to coordinate resistance against British rule.

Petition

A formal request to Parliament from the colonies to address their grievances.

Tar and feathering

A form of punishment used by colonists against tax collectors, involving hot tar and feathers.

Patriot

Colonists who rebelled against British control and sought independence.

Loyalist

Colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution.

Revolutionary War

The conflict between the American colonies and Great Britain from 1775 to 1783.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that encouraged colonists to seek independence from Britain.

Monarchism

A form of government headed by a king or queen, which the colonists were rebelling against.

Friction

Conflict or tension between the American colonies and British authorities.

Protest

An expression of objection against policies or actions taken by authorities.

Civil disobedience

The refusal to comply with certain laws, as a form of peaceful protest.

Subjugation

The act of bringing someone under control; used to describe Britain's treatment of the colonies.

Alliance

A union formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries.

Resist

To oppose or withstand something; as in resisting British laws.

Colonial Assembly

A body of representatives in the colonies that created local laws.

Self-governance

The right and ability of a people to govern themselves.

Taxation

The system of raising money by a government through the imposition of levies.

Representation

The action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone, especially in government.

Tax collector

An official tasked with collecting taxes from individuals or businesses.

Smuggling

The illegal movement of goods to evade taxes or restrictions.

Imperial power

Refers to a powerful nation that controls and governs colonies.

Tariff

A tax imposed on imported goods.

Boycotters

People who refuse to buy goods from a particular source as a form of protest.

Mass protest

A large-scale demonstration against perceived injustice.

Compromise

An agreement reached by each side making concessions.

Oligarchy

A form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people.

Levying taxes

The act of imposing taxes, often used as a means of generating revenue.

Smuggling networks

Underground systems for supplying goods to avoid taxes.

Political tension

Strain occurring between different political entities or groups.

Economic sanctions

Commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted country.

Public outcry

A strong expression of public dissent or anger.

Civil rights

The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

Riot

A violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd.

Political alignments

The way different groups align politically, often influencing actions and policies.

Insurrection

A violent uprising against an authority or government.

Status quo

The existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues.

Economic dependency

Reliance on a dominant economy, often leading to exploitation.

Collective action

Action taken together by a group of people to achieve a common objective.

Emotional appeal

An argument that stirs emotional responses to persuade an audience.

Communications strategy

A plan for communicating with the public to achieve political goals.

Oppression

Cruel or unjust treatment by authority.

Militia

A military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency.

Civic duty

The responsibilities of a citizen, including participation in democracy.

Constitutional rights

Fundamental rights granted to all citizens under the constitution.

Activism

The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.

Resistance movements

Collective efforts to oppose and fight against repression.

Civic engagement

Individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern.

Historical context

The historical background or circumstances in which ideas and events occur.

Patriotism

Devotion to and support for one's country.

Cultural identity

A sense of belonging to a group defined by cultural traditions.

Despotism

The exercise of absolute power, often in a cruel and oppressive way.

Legitimate government

A government that is recognized as rightful and valid by its citizens.

Popular sovereignty

The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people.

Rebellion

An act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler.